Question

What is the difference between how a person with normal glucose levels performs on the OGTT compared to a person with prediabetes or diabetes?

Patients with prediabetes are very sensitive to the effects of insulin, so plasma glucose levels remain elevated at two hours. The glucose levels in patients with prediabetes and diabetes continue to rise for an hour after the glucose is consumed and remain elevated at two hours. Patients with diabetes absorb more of the glucose drink from the OGTT into their blood, causing higher plasma glucose levels at two hours. Both normal and prediabetic patients start out the OGTT with normal fasting plasma glucose; a prediabetic patient's glucose remains elevated at two hours.

Answer 1

Answer:

Option - The glucose levels in patients with prediabetes and diabetes continue to rise for an hour after the glucose is consumed and remain elevated at two hours.

In case of a normal person, once glucose is ingested, it gets absorbed, elevating the plasma glucose level. This triggers elevation of insulin and by the end of two hours the sugar level comes down and so does the insulin.

In pre-diabetics, the levels rise and fall in the same fashion but fall may not be complete as there is intolerance and hence glucose level though comes down but not to the same level as in normal persons. Hence sugar level remains high.

In case of DM, there is elevated glucose but that can not be removed because of insulin is low or if present is resistant and can not make cells take up glucose. Hence sugar level remains high at the end of two hours.