Question

1.

Explain the differences between facilitated diffusion and group translocation

2.

How are parasitism and antagonism similar and different?

Answer 1

1. The diffusion rate across the membrane which is selectively permeable is enhanced with the help of carrier proteins, also known as permeases, that are inserted in the plasma membrane. Hence, the process of diffusion is facilitated by a carrier, it is known as facilitated diffusion. The rate of facilitated diffusion enhances with the concentration gradient very quickly and at the less concentrations of the diffusing molecule compared tp passive diffusion.

  

Group translocation

• solute can transported against the concentration gradient.

• During transport solute molecule changes chemically.

• Example is PEP-dependent sugar-phosphotransferase system.

• A carrier protein (HPr) which is heat stable is initially activated by phosphate group (transfered from PEP) inside the cell .

• Simultaneously sugar joins with enzyme II at the outer surface of membrane and is transfered to inner surface of membrane. Here it joins with phosphate group carried by activated HPr.

2. Parasitism :

A parasite is An organism which permeate various species also benefits from living in or on the host at the cost of host. This is an antagonism example because the parasite takes fundaentals from the host, whereas the host loses those fundamentals. A parasite leech latches with its sucker onto an organism. While feeding, the leech produce hirudin which is an anticoagulant that prevents blood clotting. It also produce an anesthetic to prevent its host from noticing it quickly. Type of interaction between two organisms which benefits one at the expense of the other is known as antagonistic interaction. Predation, herbivory, as well as parasitism are particular types of antagonistic interactions. Hence, parasitism and antagonism is similar things.