Question

identify several changes in family since 1990.what factors are responsible for these changes?

Answer 1

Families are changing in many ways and its enhance engagement partners. Most countries around the world have seen a decline in the fertility rate and as a result the average household size has declined. There is a sharp increase in the proportion of women entering the labour force and large gender gap in employment and earnings still lives in relative poverty. The patterns of family formation are also changing with both men and women wanting to establish themselves in the labour market. This has led to the increased age of mother at first child birth and probability of having fever children than previous generation.

Fertility patterns
the resultant ageing population has led to decline in the number of women of childbearing ages and has resulted in a sharp decline of working age population. total fertility rates have declined dramatically falling from an average of 2.7 children per woman to just 1.7 children.

Postponement of family formation
This is a major reason for the decline in fertility rates where the data access to contraceptives has given adults more control over the timing and occurrence of childbirth. This leads to a narrow age interval in which women have their children and fewer children overall.

Childlessness
women who cannot conceive or women who have decided to not have children makes it difficult for women who postpone having children to give birth at later ages. The proportion of women who remain childless has increased and this has led to an increase in the proportion of women living in households without children. This is directly linked to the education level of human as women with tertiary education are more likely to be in a childless household. There is an ongoing conflict between employment and child bearing where highly educated women choose employment over childbirth.

Changes in household structure
The changing family structures have led to growing share of households without children. Failing marriage rate and increasing divorce rates have contributed to the increase in soul parent families. less people are getting married and the ones that are getting married are likely to end up divorced. this decline in marriage waves is related to the emergence of modern and traditional family forms including relationships that involve partner's keeping their own we can relationships and civil partnership.