Question

1. Through dispute settlement, unions have been shown to ________ worker morale and to _________ turnover

A. boost; increase

B. boost; decrease

C. undermine; increase

D. undermine; decrease

2. Critics of comparable worth note that which of the following occurs?

A. Firms hire more workers when comparable worth measures are used.

B. As wages fall, more workers are hired.

C. As wages rise, fewer workers are needed and are replaced with technology

D. As wages have increased, firms have tried to increase the number of women in their work force.

3. Executive Order 11246 deals with which of the following?

A. Wages for federal employees

B. Retirement benefits from the federal government

C. Anti-discrimination standards for all companies

D. Anti-discrimination standards for all companies doing business with the federal government

4. The federal laws have had the greatest effect in on which of the following?

A. Reducing discrimination overall

B. Reducing the wage gap between white and black women

C. Closing the wage gap between black and white men

D. Closing the wage gap between Latino and black women

Answer 1

Question 1):-

Explanation

The existence of unions came into play, primarily because the workers across different sectors felt the need for their problems, to be addressed by the owners of business' for which they were working for.

This resulted in both employee welfare, in terms of there demands been taken more seriously since they were a collective group now, and as their morale boosted, the companies found themselves doing much better in terms of its turnover and profits

Thus the answer to the question is as follows:-

Through dispute settlement, unions hiave been shown to INCREASE worker morale and to INCREASE turnover.

Thus the answer to this is (A)

All other options are incorrect as unions do not demoralize the employees or lead to any losses for the companies but, are rather used as tools to tackle problems respectively.

Question (2):-

Comparable worth as a concept refers to the legislations which protect the rights of females in terms of the wages they earn for relatively doing the same kind of jobs that men do in an organization.

Critics here argue however, that if women were to be paid equally, firms would prefer spending their capital on machinery to replace traditional employees as their per unit costs would rise significantly. Also, with wages set low, more people are likely to be employed than with rising costs, the scope for recession would rise.

Therefore, in this case both options B) & C) are correct. Other options don't fit as companies do not hire more employees with rise in salaries nor does it lead to any addition in the total workforce respectively.

Question 3):-

The federal order 11246 was signed by then President Lyndon B Johnson in 1965. It aims at removing discrimination in the hiring process and overall employment, but however was restricted to only companies which were government contractors or were doing business with the government specifically.

Therefore the correct answer to the question is option D) Anti-Discrimination standards for all companies doing business with the federal government

no other option fits in since this was a very specific order the nature of which is as described above.

Question 4):-

Federal laws try to protect the overall discrimination within the country be it on the basis of gender, caste, social status or ethnic origin.

Therefore, the correct answer to this is option A as the laws protect the interest of all individuals and all other options are included in the same. Be it black or white, men or women or belonging to any specific ethnic origin respectively.