Gene duplication, as part of plant nuclear genome evolution, is considered an important contributor to total...

Gene duplication, as part of plant nuclear genome evolution, is considered an important contributor to total gene number and to overall genome size. In recent plant nuclear genome evolution, and post gene duplication, is sub-functionalisation or specialisation believed to be the mostly likely contributor to increased gene number in plant species with larger sized genomes? Explain your answer.

Expert Solution

Answer- Yes, the gene duplication and then sub-functionalization and specialisation of newly formed genes (as a result of duplication) leads to increase in Genome size of these plants.

Explanation-

The initial result of gene duplication is formation of two identical genes

The duplicated genes usually have following fates-

it is possible that duplicated remains identical throwout the life of cell and functions in a similar manner and this occurs due to greater requirement of there product.
Evidences suggest that the majority of new genes that arises by duplication acquires deleterious mutation and that inactivates them and they become pseudogenes.
Sometimes mutation in newly formed genes (as a result of duplication) doesn't leads to their inactivation but it leads to change in their function. This change in function may lead to sub-functionalization of original genes or may lead to specialisation, as a result of which new, special and useful gene products are formed.

The globin gene family provides a particularly good example of how DNA duplication generated new proteins.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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