Question

14) Briefly Discuss the interaction of anaerobic versus aerobic ATP production during exercise.

(Please answer the question using your own words and explanation) do not use the answers that are already available on chegg or the internet) Thank you in advance!

Answer 1

Respiration of the process of breakdown of sugars to generate ATP molecules. Along with ATP some by products like carbon dioxide, water, pyruvic acid, alcohol are also formed.

Aerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to generate carbon dioxide and water along with the release of ATP. This is energetically very efficient process because it releases 32 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose is oxidised. The overall process results in the formation of high energy electron carriers, NADH and FADH2 which enter electron transport chain and produce ATP.

Anaerobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen to give rise to lactic acid if the enzyme is lactate dehydrogenase and this is called as lactic acid fermentation or it can also give rise to carbon dioxide along with alcohol if the enzyme is alcohol dehydrogenase and the process is called as alcohol fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation takes place in bacteria and muscle cells of human beings Whereas alcohol fermentation takes place in some bacteria and yeast cells.

Anaerobic respiration is energetically very poor process because it releases only two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose is oxidised. So the main purpose of anaerobic respiration is to re generate NAD+ so that it can enter aerobic respiration and this is the point of connection between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. In anaerobic respiration, glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid by glycolysis and pyruvic acid is the final electron acceptor. It accepts electrons from NADH which itself gets oxidises to NAD+. This oxidized molecule then enters pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle in mitochondrial matrix so that aerobic respiration can proceed further and more number of ATP molecules can be generated.

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