Question

Describe how ATP is synthesized from glucose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Answer 1

The ATP are produces glycosis which occurs in the cytoplas and it is a aerobic process.

There are 10 enzymatic process ocuures in glycolysis.

First step in glycolysis is in which Glucose is converted to two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) molecules in a reaction which yield net two ATP molecules.

G3P is then converted to pyruvate by substrate level phosporylation and produces 4 ATPs a process that occurs with or without oxygen.

In addition,a pair of electrons and one proton are removed from G3P reducing the coenzyme NAD⁺ to NADH. The net ATP energy yield at this point is 2 ATPs per glucose molecule.

The glycolysis is the process which continues till there is supply of fresh glucose and sufficient amount of NAD+.

ATP production in anaerobic conditions:

The pyruvate the end product of glycolysis which is act as hydrogen acceptor. It is reduced to lactate by the help of enzyme lactate dehydrogease.

In ethanolic femenatation pyruvate get cnverted to acetaldehyde and then to ethanol via decorboxylation.

So in this fermentation 1 molecule of glucose gives only 2 molecules of ATP because only glycolysis is generating energy currency.

So overall 38 ATP are produced from one glucose molecule in aerobic and anerobic conditions.