Question

Please answer all questions.

Which of the following types of transporters would be utilized to move two different types of molecules across the cell membrane in the same direction?

	a.	Uniporter
	b.	Symporter/Cotransporter
	c.	Antiporter
	d.	Chemiporter
	e.	Protoporter

Which of the following taxonomic groupings is most specific (i.e., contains a set of organisms that is most related/similar in nature)?

	a.	Domain
	b.	Class
	c.	Order
	d.	Kingdom
	e.	Family

Bryce is interested in examining the effect of a new drug, Enlighten, on improving the mood of college students who are about to sit for their final exams. Specifically, he is interested in determining if it has a greater effect than no drug at all. The independent variable in Bryce's experiment is ___________________.

	a.	The mood of college students enrolled in his study
	b.	The number of college students taking part in the research
	c.	The type of drug (placebo vs. Enlighten) received by the research participants
	d.	The amount of drug administered to participants in the study
	e.	None of the above

Which of the following descriptors best characterizes a non-spontaneous reaction?

	a.	Occurs without the input of ATP; occurs quickly; results in a negative change in free energy
	b.	Often coupled to exergonic reactions; rate of reaction varies; results in a negative change in free energy
	c.	Occurs without input of ATP; rate of reaction varies; results in a positive change in free energy
	d.	Often coupled to exergonic reactions; occurs quickly; results in a positive change in free energy
	e.	Often coupled to exergonic reactions; rate of reaction varies; results in a positive change in free energy

In guinea pigs, black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b). What would be the genotype of a guinea pig that is homozygous dominant for coat color?

a.	BB
	b.	Bb
	c.	bb
	d.	B
	e.	b

In guinea pigs, black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b). A guinea pig that is heterozygous for coat color would produce which of the following gametes?

	a.	Bb
	b.	B
	c.	b
	d.	Both B & C
	e.	All of the above are gametes that would be produced by a heterozygote

In guinea pigs, black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b). A female guinea pig that is homozygous recessive for coat color mates with a male guinea pig that is heterozygous for coat color. What percentage of their offspring will have black coats?

	a.	0%
	b.	25%
	c.	50%
	d.	75%
	e.	100%

In guinea pigs, black coats (B) are dominant to brown coats (b). A female guinea pig that is homozygous recessive for coat color mates with a male guinea pig that is heterozygous for coat color. What would be the genotypic ratio of the F₁generation?

	a.	3BB: 1bb
	b.	1BB: 2Bb: 1bb
	c.	2BB: 1Bb: 1bb
	d.	2BB: 2Bb
	e.	2Bb: 2bb

If two guinea pigs in the F₁ generation described in the question above mated, at random, what would be the likelihood that they would produce an offspring with a black coat?

	a.	0%
	b.	25%
	c.	50%
	d.	75%
	e.	It is impossible to tell given the information provided

Certain genes, such as the non-structural genes that produce rRNA, are unregulated and have essentially constant levels of gene expression (i.e., they are always "on"). These genes are described as being ___________________________.

	a.	Inducible
	b.	Constitutive
	c.	Elongated
	d.	Repressible
	e.	Spontaneous

In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, gene regulation occurs primarily at the transcriptional level. This is because early regulation of gene expression prevents the organism from needlessly expending energy and resources to produce proteins it has no need for.

	a.	True
	b.	False; most gene regulation occurs at the post-translational level
	c.	False; only eukaryotic organisms regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level

Transcription and translation occur simultaneously in eukaryotic organisms because both events take place in the cytoplasm.

	a.	True
	b.	False; transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotic organisms because both events take place in the cytoplasm
	c.	False; transcription and translation occur simultaneously in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms because both events take place in the cytoplasm

Answer 1

Q1. Option A. Uniporter.

Q2. Option E. Family

The modern taxonomic classification system has eight main levels :  Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species .

Q3. Option B. The number of college students taking part in the research.

Independent variable is a variable whose variation does not depend on that of another.

Q4. Option E. Often coupled to exergonic reactions; rate of reaction varies; results in a positive change in free energy

Q5. Option A. BB (homozygous of black coats).

Q6. Option D. Both B and b. Heterozygous (Bb) will produce gametes B and b.

Q7. Option C. 50%.

Bb/bb	b	b
B	Bb (black coat)	Bb (black coat)
b	bb ( brown coat)	bb (brown coat)

Q8. Option E. 2Bb : 2bb.

Q9. Option E. It is impossible to tell given the information provided.

If bb mate with bb, it will produce 0% black coat pig.

If Bb mate with bb, it will produce 50% black coat pig.

If Bb mate with Bb, it will produce 75% black coat pog.

Q10. Option B. Constitutive.

Q11. Option A.True . In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, gene regulation occurs primarily at the transcriptional level. This is because early regulation of gene expression prevents the organism from needlessly expending energy and resources to produce proteins it has no need for.

Q12. Option B. False.  transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotic organisms because both events take place in the cytoplasm.

In eukaryotes transcription occurs inside nucleus and translation outside nucleus.