Question

In: Biology

Please answer all fo the following questions. 1. Describe a population where you would expect to...

Please answer all fo the following questions.

1. Describe a population where you would expect to find a low frequency of adult lactose tolerance.

2. Why is adult lactose tolerance infrequent in that population?

3. Describe a population where you would expect to find a high frequency of adult lactose tolerance.

4. Why is adult lactose tolerance frequent in that population?

Solutions

Expert Solution

Lactose intolerance is a digestive disorder caused by the inability to digest lactose, the main carbohydrate in dairy products.The lactase enzyme is needed to break lactose down into glucose and galactose, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream and used for energy.

Before fresh animal milk was readily available, humans did not need to digest milk after they were weaned. However, the domestication of mammals approximately 9,000 years ago presented humans with the first opportunity to drink fresh milk throughout life. This provided a potential selective force for lactase persistence, whereby high levels of intestinal lactase, the enzyme that digests lactose, persist into adulthood. Individuals without significant levels of lactase are lactose intolerant, and the frequency of lactose tolerance varies between populations.

1.The prevalence of lactose intolerance is lowest in populations with a long history of dependence on unfermented milk products as an important food source. For example, only about 5 percent of people of Northern European descent are lactose intolerant.

2.Northern Europeans have a long history of fresh milk consumption, and they were the only population with a low frequency of lactose intolerance. North Europeans have the gene diversity of ancient non Africans who migrated from Africa to rest of world and  developed a taste for fresh milk as it became available through the domestication of animals. Northern Europeans also have an unusually high frequency of one particular set of DNA sequence variations, known as a haplotype, at the lactase locus. Studies also proposed that this haplotype is common in the northern Europeans because it is associated with the ability to digest milk.

3. Approximately 65 percent of the human population has a reduced ability to digest lactose after infancy. Lactose intolerance in adulthood is most prevalent in people of East Asian descent, with 70 to 100 percent of people affected in these communities. Lactose intolerance is also very common in people of West African, Arab, Jewish, Greek, and Italian descent.

4.These populations might have the gene diversity of the ancient native Africans who did not consumed milk as an impotant food source.


Related Solutions

Dear All Could you please answer the below question. I would expect a long answer to...
Dear All Could you please answer the below question. I would expect a long answer to may consist of 1500 words. "It has been argued in the finance literature that a great majority of mergers lead to value destruction. Citing empirical evidence, discuss whether you agree or disagree with this statment". Thank you!
Answer all of the following Questions in depth. (Please write In PDF format) 1. Describe the...
Answer all of the following Questions in depth. (Please write In PDF format) 1. Describe the four types of Not-for-Profit entities. 2. Discuss the role of funds in accounting for NFP’s. 3. Discuss donor imposed restrictions on the use of contributions. 4. Describe the 3 types financial statements prepared by NFP’s. 5. Discuss the oversight bodies for NFP’s 6. Discuss the accounting for contributed services. 7. Describe the presentation of cash on the financial statements of NFP’s. Include in your...
Please answer all the following questions in depth. 1. Describe the four types of Not-for-Profit entities....
Please answer all the following questions in depth. 1. Describe the four types of Not-for-Profit entities. 2. Discuss the role of funds in accounting for NFP’s. 3. Discuss donor imposed restrictions on the use of contributions. 4. Describe the 3 types financial statements prepared by NFP’s. 5. Discuss the oversight bodies for NFP’s 6. Discuss the accounting for contributed services. 7. Describe the presentation of cash on the financial statements of NFP’s. Include in your answer a discussion of the...
Please answer all the questions. Thank you Use the following data to answer the questions below:...
Please answer all the questions. Thank you Use the following data to answer the questions below: Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Y in $ C in $ 0 500 500 850 1,000 1,200 1,500 1,550 2,000 1,900 2,500 2,250 3,000 2,600 What is mpc and mps? Compute mpc and mps. Assume investment equals $ 100, government spending equals $ 75, exports equal $ 50 and imports equal $ 35. Compute the aggregate expenditure in column 3. Draw a graph...
CAN YOU PLEASE ANSWER AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AND PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS THANK YOU 1/...
CAN YOU PLEASE ANSWER AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AND PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS THANK YOU 1/ What is one similarity and one difference between voluntary motor system that innervate the head versus voluntary motor system that innervate the body? 2/ Does olfactory bulb (direct) relay to primary sensory cortex via the thalamus? 3/ Write a short paragraph using the following terms: opiates; endorphins, pain relief. 4/ In your own words, explain one way in which neuroplasticity allows learning and memory...
Can you please answer all questions and please answer as soon as possible THANK YOU 1/...
Can you please answer all questions and please answer as soon as possible THANK YOU 1/ what do you think wernicke’s area of an infant develops prior to Broca’s? 2/ Create a short paragraph using the following terms: fovea, cones, rods, peripheral retina, acuity, center of the visual field? 3/ Why cone receptors are able to send information about different frequencies of light? 4/why do you think it is easier to name a taste in food than a smell in...
CAN YOU PLEASE ANSWER AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AND PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS THANK YOU 1-...
CAN YOU PLEASE ANSWER AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AND PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS THANK YOU 1- What is one similarity and one difference between voluntary motor system that innervate the head versus voluntary motor system that innervate the body? 2- Does olfactory bulb (direct) relay to primary sensory cortex via the thalamus? 3- Write a short paragraph using the following terms: opiates; endorphins, pain relief. 4- In your own words, explain one way in which neuroplasticity allows learning and memory...
Please answer all questions Which of the following would be appropriate to use as an antiseptic?...
Please answer all questions Which of the following would be appropriate to use as an antiseptic? A. Ethanol B. Ultraviolet light C. Bleach D. Phenol If a piece of heat-sensitive medical equipment must be sterile to be used, which of the following methods would be the best method to achieve this? Autoclaving Ionizing radiation Ultraviolet light Bleach An antimicrobial substance that works by disrupting the plasma membrane would be ineffective in treating infections caused by: Enveloped animal viruses Prions Yeast...
CAN YOU PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS AND PLEASE ANSWER AS SOON AS POSSIBLE 1. The processing,...
CAN YOU PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS AND PLEASE ANSWER AS SOON AS POSSIBLE 1. The processing, where different kinds of information are processed in different brain structures, is called: a. Stream segregation b. Serial processing c. Distributed processing d. Parallel processing 2. In vision, what does dark adaptation mean? a. Decrease in color discrimination that occurs after a period in the dark b. The increased sensitivity of the eye that occurs when being in the dark for a long time...
PLEASE answer ALL questions to the best of your ability: You would like to enhance the...
PLEASE answer ALL questions to the best of your ability: You would like to enhance the HR analytics capabilities in your organization by hiring an HR analytics specialist who will help you better collect, analyze, and report on key HR analytics. At the company’s next executive meeting, you need to make the case to the CEO, the CFO, and the CTO about why this is a good investment. What will you and the HR analytics specialist be measuring? What measurement...
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT