Question

The purpose of this outline is to practice using the diagnostic criteria for metabolic diseases in order to determine if someone may have a metabolic disease. If it is determined that they do, apply your knowledge and suggest some healthy alternative lifestyle changes for them to make.

Below is a case study with questions.

Megan just came back from the physician’s office and has the following results:

Height: 5’6” Weight: 190 lbs

Test	LDL-C	HDL-C	TG	BMI	Waist Girth	Blood Pressure	Fasting Glucose
Values	175	65	220	30.7	36 in	125/80	128
Risk Category

Megan is a paralegal at a private law firm. Her job doesn’t require much physical activity. She is currently sedentary, doesn’t smoke, only drinks socially (1 or 2 days per week) on the weekends, doesn’t cook that often and goes out to eat (lunch and dinner) most of the time on a daily basis.

Determine Megan’s risk category for each of her test results.
(Don’t fill-in the provided table as it gets cut off)

• Which diseases does Megan have risk factors for?

• Could Megan be diagnosed with any diseases based on these results? If so, which disease(s)?

• What lifestyle interventions could you recommend to Megan to improve her health?
  (General answers like a healthy diet and exercise are not sufficient. Use your accumulated knowledge to help yourself answer these questions. This may mean reviewing previous lectures or notes as not all of the answers are provided in the Diet and Health lecture.)

Answer 1

DETERMINE RISK CATEGORY OF EACH OF TEST RESULT;

*The serum LDL level is increased in megan's result.The LDL cholesterol levels should be less than 100 mg/dl.This is called the "bad cholesterol.Too much of it inyour blood causes the buildup of fatty deposits(plaques) in your arteries (atherosclerosis),which reduces blood flow.These plaques sometimes rupture and can lead to a heart attack or stroke.

*The HDL is also increased in level.The optimal reading for HDL levels is of 40-60mg/dl.this is called the "good "cholesterol because it helps away LDL cholesterol ,thus keeping arteries open and your blood flowing more freely.

*The triglycerides level is increased.Normal level is 75-150 mg/dl.High triglycerides are a sign of other conditions that increase the risk of heart diseases and stroke,including obesity and metabolic syndrome_a cluster of conditions that includes too much fat around the waist ,high blood pressure,high triglycerides ,high blood sugar and abnormal cholesterol level.

*BMI is increased and in grade III level.The normal BMI is 25(kg/m2).She have obesity.complications of obesity are physical disability,metabolic disorders(eg.diabetes),cardiac disorders,proneness to accidents,low life expectancy,increased morbidity and mortality.

*Megans's systolic pressure is 125 and daistolic pressure 80 and she has elevated blood pressure.There is a chance to increase the blood pressure level.

*Fasting Blood glucose level in raised in megan's result.The normal Fasting Blood Sugar level is 70-100 mg/dl.She is pre- diabetic patient.It may leads to diabetes due to obesity.

DIAGNOSED BY RESULTS; Yes,if she dont's change her lifestyle it leads to severe problems:

#heart failure

#atherosclerosis

#rupture of plaques in heart valves & Angina pectoris

#stroke

#obesity

#metabolic syndrome

#high blood pressure

#high sugar levet

#abnormal cholesterol level

#physical disability

#prone to accidents

#increased mortality and morbidity

#chest pain

#low life expectancy

LIFE STYLE INTERVENTIONS;

@. Health promotion;*Identification of high risk persons of eating habits,type of diet,lifestyle pattern.

*maintain ideal body weight -adequate physical activity ,reduce take of saturated fats,avoid smoking.

Physical activity-FITT formula

F_frequency_weekly 5 days

I_intensity_how hard exercise should take brisk walking,hiking,swimming.

T_type_isometric exercises

T_time_30 mints/day

@. Nutritional therapy:

*Reduced sodium and reduced fat diet

*Plenty of whole grains.

*Ground nuts are good source to reduce the heart problems.

*Avoid red meat egg and all milk and milk products.

* Increase the intake of fish.it consist of rich omega 3.

#avoid alcohol and cigrette smoking and also avoid soft drinks and junk foods.

#Table salt method:this method is effective for to control the sodium level and the heart problems.T he method is -not adding salts in rice and curry.Salt powder added while before eating food all over the food as a small pinch.

#Avoid white sugar fully and use jaggery with small amount.

INVERTENTIONS FOR OBESITY-

#low calories

#low fats

#low carbohydrates

#have lean meat

#have 3 meals aday

#vegetable soups,salad,plain lassi,and lemon water are recommented

#all cereals,pulses,beans.

#modearate protein

#salad of carrot ,raddish,cabbage,tomato,kakri,kheera,and onion should be consumed in sufficient quality.

#high fibre;its increases satiety feeling and also stool bulk.

#liberal fluid:fluid is essential for the normal body activities.It help to excrete all toxic and waste products from the body.

#correct falty food habits like junk foods,soft drinks,fried foods etc.

#use vegetable oil instead of coconut oil.