Question

Science of Nutrition

1) Define Prebiotic and Probiotic and list two examples of each.

2) List two of the diets that are designed to lose weight. What are their pros and cons?

3) List two Food items that might contain carcinogens.

4) List one example of a Mineral and another example of a vitamin that are antioxidants

***Please be detailed/specific.

Answer 1

Step 1

Diet is the total of food devoured by individuals or other living beings. All around the globe, individuals are utilizing various kinds of diets based on their requirements.

Step 2

1.

The living or active microbes, which, when administered in adequate amount, will impart beneficial effects to its host, are called probiotics. They fight the harmful bacterial species in the gut, for example, pickles and yogurt.

On the other side, prebiotics are non-living or non-digestible forms of fiber or carbohydrates. They nourish the bacteria living in the intestines, for example, onion and garlic.

2.

Obesity occurs when an individual intake a diet rich in fat and sugar but deficient in essential minerals and vitamins. Such individuals control weight by doing regular physical activity, decrease their saturated fat intake and sugar consumption, and follow particular diets, such as:

VEGAN DIET
The vegan diet is a balanced and well-planned diet that covers nearly all nutritional needs and helps individuals to lose weight. Individuals who follow this diet do not ingest poultry, fish, or meats, unlike non-vegetarians. They only devour the less-absorbable plant foods containing non-heme iron due to its less bioavailability, compared to heme iron.

ADVANTAGES

A vegan diet can balance or meet their iron requirements by mixing iron-rich foods with ingredients that are high in ascorbic acid (vitamin C). It will upgrade their body's ability to absorb iron. Some of the nutrients that are rich in vitamin C include chard, broccoli, bell pepper (red or green), tomatoes, papaya, kiwi, and citrus fruits and juices.

DISADVANTAGES

Vegans are at a threat of insufficiency of specific nutrients, for example, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and Fe (iron). The danger of iron deficiency identified by both low iron bioavailabilities and deficient iron intake. It can cause irreversible neurological damage.

RAW FOOD DIET

It incorporates food items that are not cooked or heated at temperatures more than 115 to 118 degrees F (Fahrenheit) to preserve supplements, enzymes, and lessen the energy utilized for cooking, and keep food in its most natural form. It puts a premium on eating uncooked and natural food items. It disposes of the intake of any item that is purified or delivered with any type of additives. The purpose of this diet is to make a flood in energy (vitality), a decline in aggravation while likewise bringing down the quantity of cancer-causing agents. It works by demoralizing cooking as a result of the conviction that cooking pulverizes the common enzymes or proteins in foods.

ADVANTAGES

High in supplements

It will be high in natural products, vegetables, nuts, fruits, and legumes, which are all staples of an empowering diet. Eating a scope of these nourishments will give a lot of nutrients, minerals, and refreshing fats, and protein.

Less processed diet

Processed food items or nutrients will be higher in salt, sugars, and unhealthful immersed fats. They can prompt aggravation of cardiovascular sickness and blood vessels. Diminishing or wiping out processed nutrients can, subsequently, have critical health advantages.

These variables lead to weight reduction and support the adequacy of the raw food diet.

DISADVANTAGES

-It is not possible to follow this diet for the long-term.

-Some uncooked food items make the food toxic, causing food poisoning.

-A large number of essential nutrients are lack in this diet.

Step 3

3.

A cancer-causing element, for example, a substance, radiation, or radionuclide that stimulates carcinogenesis (formation of cancer), is called a carcinogen. For example, Chinese-style salted fish. During the production of this food item, the carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds are formed, causing NPC (nasopharyngeal cancer). Other examples include sausage and bacon that are classified as processed meat. Such food items belong to group I carcinogen.

4.

MINERAL

Zinc (a trace mineral) is an important micronutrient that regulates the functioning of the overall immune system to allow faster recovery in case of any injury. It also helps in muscle repair. As an essential metal for life, it functions as an antioxidant to suppress and combat oxidative stress and protect an individual against cell damage associated with severe diseases, including cancer and heart disorders. The deficiency of Zn for any reason is the main cause of reduced endurance and immunity to disease.

VITAMIN

Vitamin C or ascorbic acid belongs to a group of water-soluble vitamins required for wound healing and for strengthening bones, gums, and tooth health. The body cannot make this vitamin, and so we rely on dietary sources to obtain it. Lack of this vitamin in the diet can lead to scurvy, which causes bleeding and swollen gums, muscle weakness, loss of teeth, and tiredness. In such conditions, wounds also take a longer time to heal properly. Therefore, individuals suffering from these issues need vitamin C in their diet. As a powerful antioxidant, it protects against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species.

Kindly upvote please

Thank you.