In: Nursing
Menstrual disorders are a disruptive physical and/or emotional
symptoms just before and during menstruation, including heavy
bleeding, missed periods and unmanageable mood swings.types of
these arePremenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Amenorrhea.
Dysmenorrhea.
Menorrhagia.
Treatments.
Etiology
Menstrual disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
•Uterine fibroids
•Hormonal imbalances
•Clotting disorders
•Cancer
•Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
•Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - cysts on the ovaries
•Genetics
Pathophysiology
Estrogen breakthrough bleeding
Anovulatory cycle has no corpus luteum formation, progesterone is not produced. The endometrium continues to proliferate under the influence of unopposed estrogen.
Estrogen withdrawal bleeding
This occurs frequently in women at the end of reproductive life. Ovarian follicles in these women secretes less estradiol. Fluctuating estradiol leads to insufficient endometrial proliferation with irregular menstruaa bleeding.