Question

1: Explain why arteries have an increased resistance to flow compared to vein.

2: Preet is in a bad car accident, she has lost a lot of blood. When the paramedics arrive, her blood pressure is 80/50 mmHg and her hematocrit is 35%.

a/ Would you expect Preet to be experiencing bradycardia or tachycardia? Explain.

b/ The paramedics give Preet an ID drip of normal saline fluid ( a concentration of solutes similar to blood plasma) and rush her to the ER. When she arrives at the ER, predict how the IV fluid would have affected her blood pressure and hematocrit. Explain your predictions?

c/ Why didn’t the paramedics( or ER staff) give Preet shot of EPO?

Answer 1

1. Arteries have a muscle layer in tgem while veins don't, and tgese muscles contract when blood is pupmped in arteries leading to increase in resistance to flow and when it relaxes it cases decrease in vascular resistance

2a. Preet has lost a good amount of blood and is currently going into hemodynamic shock when the blood volume is reduced in body. So she will be having tachycardia because her heart will try to pump tge remaining blood to all major organs of her body for which it has to increase its pupmping capacity to mert the normal required supply. So it will start beating at a faster rate with low blood pressure.

b.) Paramedics gave her infusion drip of normal saline becuase she has lost significant blood volume which means that her body fluid level has decreased and her blood vessels have dilated therefore body will try to compensate for the loss and tussues will start loosing fluids and it may lead to tissue death. So to prevent this from happening and to acquire the dilated blood vessels supplying fluids from outside is a goid option. Normal saline is used because its pH is similar to blood pH.

c.) EPO erythropeitin is not not given because it will stimulate bone marrow to produce more blood cells and inhibits tryrosine kinase activity. Which will induce liver and kiney injury due to decreased ATP production.