Question

SUBJ: Gerontological Nursing

1. Which disease affects the gastrointestinal tract?

2. What preventive measures could you recommend to older adults to promote bowel elimination?

3. Make a Nursing care plan for the patient with Gastro esophageal reflux.

4. Make a 1 day diet for a patient with constipation.

Answer 1

Fall prevention :-

-always keep your home clean and tidy

-remove all types of clutters example ;stacks of newspaper

-repair ,replace or remove tripping hazards for more effective fall prevention

-install grab bars and hand rails on unp and down stairs,stepping ,getting on and off toilet

-avoid wearing non-fitting and loose cloths

-install bright light on their path in home

-always wear non slipping socks and shoes

-avoid wet on the floor especially on bathtubs and bath rooms

-use nonslipp mats

-it is better to live on one level that help to prevent fall while using stairs

-use enough time to move .dont move quickly

-give healthy ,nutritious foods to improve their health

-provid adequate treatment if the have any diseases such as oestoporosis and arthritis

-do medical check up at regula intervel

-check their vision ,if detect any impairment in vision ,correct them immedietly .

effect of aging on musculoskeletal system

-loss of muscle strengh and mass due to reorption of minerals

-loss of bone density

-mucle cells are replaced by fat

-degraded artivular cartilage

-degeneration and narrowing of intervertebral discs

-loss of mobility and pain

-stiffness of muscles

-developing some type of diseases like osteoporosis,arthritis and prone to fracture

-dimineshed production of collegen fibres leads to loss of bone strength and flexibility

OSTEOPOROSIS

IT is a metabolic disease charecterised by bone demineralization .in this condition loss of calcium amd phosphorus leads to fragile bone and increase risk of oinfection

management of osteoporosis;

-assess the risk of osteoporosis and fracture

-chech for secondary causes of osteoporosis

-provide adequate nutrition and mineral suppliment

-it is important that weight bearing ,resistance and balanced exercise

-provide adequate vitamines suppliment

-give medication as prescribed by the physician

-avoid toomuch smoking and drinking alcohol

-give calcium suppliement

-recommend BMD (bone mass density ) test to identify seviority of disease

-initiate treatment plan for postmenopausal women over the age of 50

-administer medication as per doctors prescripiton like calcitonin,hormonr therapy (oestrogen ),biphosphate

-do exercise for bone amd musle strength

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

it is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors.

management;-

-assess the inflammation ,tenderness and stiffness of the joint.

-assess the level of pain

-improve physical mobility

-preserve joint function

-provide range of motion exercise

-balance rest and activity

-apply heat or cold therapy as prescribed

-assess the need for assistive devices

-work with occupational therapist to obtain assistive devices

-assess the client reation to the body image

-assist the client to self care activities

-administer combination of pharmacological therapies which includes,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs,glucocorticoids and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs .

-synovectomy ,arthroplasty ,arthodesis are the surgical management

OSTEOARTHRITIS

it is a degenerative joint disease is marked by progressive deterioration of the articular cartilage .it mainly affecting weigh bearing joints

management

-make a assessment for joint pain and swelling

-check for the presents of Heberden's nodes or Bouchard's nodes

-assess the level of activities

-administer NSAIDs and muscle relaxant to control pain

-avoid flexion of knees and hip

-encourage adequate rest

-apply cold application as prescribed

-avoid large pillow under the head or knees

-encourage a well balanced diet

-maintain weight within normal

-encourage to do exercise and ask them to stop if they have pain

-instruct to client stop exercise if they have joint inflammation

-surgical management mainly includes osteotomy amd total joint relacement .

GOUT

it is a systemic disease in which urate crystals deposits in joint and other part of body tissues

management

-assess swellin and inflammation of joints

-check for vital signs

-check for pruritis due to urate crystsl in the skin

-check for presence of renal stones

-provide low purine diet

-encourage high fluid diet

-avoid organ meat,aged cheese and wine from food

-encourage weight reduction

-increase urine pH (add alkaline ash food in diet)

-monitor range of motion abolity

-protect affected joint from extream movement

-position the joint in mild flexion

-provid heat or cold application as prescribed

-medeical management includes analgesics ,uricosuric agents and anti inflammatory drugs as prescribed by the physician .

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