Question

How specifically is the spinal cord, CNS, and PNS involved in the process of learning a new language? What function do the parasympathetic, sympathetic, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems have in learning a new language?

Answer 1

A large continuous area for language learning comprehension and articulation surrounds the lateral sulcus in the left hemisphere. The left hemisphere of the brain is mainly involved in the language learning. There are mainly three parts which are involved in it, which are given as follows
1. Wernicke’s area :- it is responsible for understanding the written and spoken language and also involved in sounding out the unfamiliar words.
2. Broca’s area :- this area is involved in the speech production. Broca area by a fibre tract called the arcuate fasciculus
3. Lateral prefrontal cortex :- it analyses the word and involved in language comprehension.
4. The lateral and ventral parts of temporal lobe :- Coordinates the auditory and visual aspects of language (naming the objects and reading).
The right hemisphere is also involved in body language or non verbal communication which is also a type of language. This area allows lilt or tone of voice and gestures to express the emotion while speaking and permit to comprehend the emotional content.
Spinal cord is connected to the brain via brain stem. Spinal cord consist of vertebrae these vertebrae have the nerves specifically sensory nerves. They carry the message to the brain via spinal cord and helps in learning.
The PNS provides the links from the world outside our body. White nerve thread through virtually every part of the body enabling the CNS to receive the information.
Parasympathetic, sympathetic, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems are not directly involved in the new language learning but they provide the nerves to various areas which helps in learning the language.
Responding to the auditory feedback, recognition of sound, etc are aided by the nerves present in Parasympathetic, sympathetic, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems
The impulses are conducted through the nerve cells or neurons. Neurotransmitters are the chemicals produced at synapse which transmit signal across the neurons and help to regulate brain mechanisms which controls language, speech, hearing etc.