Question

Income Statements and Firm Performance: Variable and Absorption Costing

Jellison Company had the following operating data for its first two years of operations:

Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials		4.00
Direct labor		$2.80
Variable overhead		1.40
Fixed costs per year:
Overhead		180,000
Selling and administrative		70,500

   Jellison produced 90,000 units in the first year and sold 80,000. In the second year, it produced 80,000 units and sold 90,000 units. The selling price per unit each year was $12. Jellison uses an actual costing system for product costing.

Required:

1. Prepare income statements for both years using absorption costing. If an amount is zero, enter "0".

Jellison Company
Absorption-Costing Income Statement
For Years 1 and 2
	Year 1	Year 2
Sales	$	$
Less: Cost of goods sold
Gross profit	$	$
Less: Fixed selling and administrative expenses
Operating income	$	$
Cost of goods sold:
Beginning inventory	$	$
Cost of goods manufactured
Goods available for sale	$	$
Less: Ending inventory
Cost of goods sold	$	$

2. Prepare income statements for both years using variable costing. If an amount is zero, enter "0".

Jellison Company
Variable-Costing Income Statement
For Years 1 and 2
	Year 1	Year 2
Sales	$	$
Less: Variable cost of goods sold
Contribution margin	$	$
Less:
Fixed overhead
Fixed selling and administrative expenses
Operating income	$	$
Variable cost of goods sold:
Beginning inventory	$	$
Variable cost of goods manufactured
Goods available for sale	$	$
Less: Ending inventory
Cost of goods sold	$	$

Answer 1

1. Absorption Costing
Product Cost

Production Cost	Year 1		Year 2
Direct materials	$         4.00		$             4.00
Direct labor	$         2.80		$             2.80
Variable Overhead Cost	$         1.40		$             1.40
Fixed Overhead cost per unit	$         2.00	=180000/90000	$             2.25	=180000/80000
Total Product Cost per unit	$       10.20		$           10.45

Fixed Overhead cost per unit = Total Fixed Overhead / Units produced

Jellison Company
Absorption-Costing Income Statement
For Years 1 and 2
	Year 1		Year 2
Sales	$ 9,60,000		$    10,80,000
Less: Cost of goods sold	$ 8,16,000		$      9,38,000
Gross profit	$ 1,44,000		$      1,42,000
Less: Fixed selling and administrative expenses	$     70,500		$         70,500
Operating income	$     73,500		$         71,500
Cost of goods sold:
Beginning inventory	$             -		$      1,02,000
Cost of goods manufactured	$ 9,18,000	=90000*10.2	$      8,36,000	=80000*10.45
Goods available for sale	$ 9,18,000		$      9,38,000
Less: Ending inventory	$ 1,02,000	=10000*10.2	$                  -
Cost of goods sold	$ 8,16,000		$      9,38,000

2.

Production Cost	Year 1	Year 2
Direct materials	$         4.00	$              4.00
Direct labor	$         2.80	$              2.80
Variable Overhead Cost	$         1.40	$              1.40
Total Product Cost per unit	$         8.20	$              8.20

Jellison Company
Variable-Costing Income Statement
For Years 1 and 2
	Year 1		Year 2
Sales	$ 9,60,000		$    10,80,000
Less: Variable cost of goods sold	$ 6,56,000		$      7,38,000
Contribution margin	$ 3,04,000		$      3,42,000
Less:
Fixed overhead	$ 1,80,000		$      1,80,000
Fixed selling and administrative expenses	$     70,500		$         70,500
Operating income	$     53,500		$         91,500
Variable cost of goods sold:
Beginning inventory	$             -		$         82,000
Variable cost of goods manufactured	$ 7,38,000	=90000*8.2	$      6,56,000	=80000*8.2
Goods available for sale	$ 7,38,000		$      7,38,000
Less: Ending inventory	$     82,000	=10000*8.2	$                  -
Cost of goods sold	$ 6,56,000		$      7,38,000