Question

Darwin was not the first one to propose that living organisms evolve. What Charles Darwin did was to propose a mechanism that explains how evolution occurs, which he called Natural Selection. In less than 200 words, summarize what Natural Selection is.

Answer 1

Natural selection theory was given by Charles Darwin in 1859.
An organism possess a number of traits, which are essential for it's survival in the nature.
The organism with best suited traits mostly reproduce and by this the best traits are passed on to the next generation.This allows the organisms to adapt to it's environment.
Natural selection is opposite to artificial selection where the best traits suitable for commercial purposes are selected by humans.

Natural selection have four components
1. Inheritance
2. High rate of population growth
3. Differential survival and reproduction
4. Variation
5.
Example of natural selection -
Taking the case of natural selection in giraffe.The scarcity of fooder on the ground forced giraffe,which was unable to bear the competition of other grazers to reach tall trees. Giraffes which were able to reach to tall trees and eat , survived and in due process their neck elongated ,which being a favourable trait was passed on to the next generation.
Here the elongated neck giraffe was naturally selected and when individuals with this trait reproduced ,the traits got passed on to the next generation.

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