Question

Use and/or diseases of klebsiella pneumoniae:

Answer 1

Klebsiella pneumoniae is second to Escherichia coli the most common gram-negative pathogen associated with a wide spectrum of infections, such as urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, intra-abdominal infection, bloodstream infection (BSI), meningitis and pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) [1–4]. During the last decades the rates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) have dramatically increased worldwide, and in most parts of the world K. pneumoniae is the pathogen mostly associated with dissemination of ESBLs and other horizontally transmissible resistance genes [5, 6].

Invasive infections caused by K. pneumoniae have been associated with comorbidities such as cancer, diabetes, and previous organ transplantation [7, 8]. A high case fatality rate has been reported, ranging between 18 and 49%, where more recent studies focus on infections caused by multi-drug resistant isolates [3, 7, 9–13]. A population-based study on bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by K. pneumoniae 2000–2007 in Canada, a setting with low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, showed an increase of the burden of disease during the last decade and a case fatality rate of 19% [7]. In the same demographic area 2000–2006 the case fatality rate in BSI caused by E. coli was 11% [14]. Studies comparing community- and hospital-acquired BSI caused by K. pneumoniae demonstrate differences in risk factors and outcome [10, 15, 16], where neoplastic disease and antimicrobial resistance are common among patients with hospital-acquired infections. In a few studies BSI caused by K. pneumoniae or E. coli have been compared but there is still limited data on early and late mortality and differences in risk factors for acquisition between patient groups affected by the respective pathogens .

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