What is the reaction order with respect to initiator concentration (e.g. first order, second order, etc.) for each of the following steps:
a. Initiation
b. Propagation
c. What is the relationship between initiator concentration and critical chain length?
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In: Chemistry
If a gas mixture at 298 K, which contains 90% N2, 5% H2O, and 5% O2, is instantaneously heated to 2000 K, plot the NO concentration as a function of time.
Plot the NO concentration as a function of time, if the mixture is heated to 3000K.
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what is meant by stokes shift and anti stokes shift in spectroscopy?
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How would the accuracy of your determined Keq change if all your volume measurements were made with graduated cylinders rather than pipets?
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What amount of solid NaOH must be added to 1.0 L of a 0.12 M H2CO3 solution to produce a solution with [H+]= 3.0×10−11 M ? There is no significant volume change as the result of the addition of the solid.
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The leaves of the rhubarb plant contain high concentrations of
diprotic oxalic acid (HOOCCOOH) and must be removed before the
stems are used to make rhubarb pie. If pKa1 = 1.23 and
pKa2 = 4.19, what is the pH of a 0.0205 M
solution of oxalic acid?
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The following is a list of drugs. For this assignment, use any resources available to you to find the structures and the pKa of these drugs. Identify the functional groups on each drug that will readily ionize under the appropriate pH conditions. Finally, determine the degree of ionization of the drug at physiological pH (7.4).
I understand how to find the functional groups. I need help understanding how to calculate the degree of ionization. With the explanation of at least one of the drugs I should be able to finish the other drugs on my own. Thank you in advance!
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In: Chemistry
In: Chemistry
what effect does the binding of co2 and h+ to hemoglobin in the peripheral tissues have in the body
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2. Explain how solubility tests could be used to differentiate between: a. a phenol and a carboxylic acid. b. a phenol that contains electron-withdrawing groups and a phenol that contains electron-donating groups. c. a carboxylic acid and an amine. d. 1-bromooctane and dibutyl ether. e. 2-pentyne and pentane. f. 2-nitropentane and 2-aminopentane. 3. What chemical tests could be used to differentiate between: a. cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol, cyclohexylamine, and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. b. 4-methyl-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, and 2-methyl-2-pentanol.
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1.What is the function of ethanol in this aldol condensation?
A.Ethanol is the solvent for the reaction.
B.None of the answers shown are correct.
C.Ethanol is used to remove a proton from the carbonyl group of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde.
D.Ethanol is the recrystallization solvent.
2.Assume the two reactants were in equimolar amounts to begin with but you used 2.0 g of 1-indanone in the reaction instead of 0.20 g, how might this affect your final yield?
A.Yield would be doubled.
B.YIELD WOULD NOT BE AFFECTED
C.YIELD WOULD DECREASED BY A FACTOR OF 10
D. YIELD WOULD INCREASE BY A FACTOR OF 10
3.Assume the sodium hydroxide has been setting out on the lab bench open to the atmosphere for a period of time before you add it to the test tube. How might this affect your yield?
A. YIELD WOULD LIKELY DECREASE
B. YIELD WOULD INCREASE
C. YIELD WOULD NOT BE AFFECTED, BUT RATE OF REACTION WOULD DECREASED
D. YIELD WOULD NOT BE AFFECTED
4.What might be the result if you did not use enough hydrochloric acid and the final pH remained above 7?
A.Yield would remain the same, but purity of the product would decrease.
B.Yield would likely increase and the purity of the product would increase.
C.Yield would remain the same, but purity of the product would increase.
D.Yield would likely decrease and the purity of the product would decrease.
5.What might be the result if you did not grind the two initial reactants sufficiently?
A.Yield would decrease, but purity would not be affected.
B.Both yield and purity would decrease.
C. Yield would not be affected, but purity would be decreased.
D. Neither yield nor purity would be affected.
6.To what does the term \'aldol\' refer in aldol condensation?
A. The formation of a product from aldehyde and alcohol reactants.
B. The formation of a carboxylic acid.
C. An EAS mechanism.
D. The reactants both contain the aldehyde and alcohol functional groups.
In: Chemistry
In: Chemistry
Below are some thermochemical data for the dissolution equilibrium of solid aluminum hydroxide in water:
| Al(OH)3(s) | → | Al3+(aq) | + | 3OH−(aq) | |
| ΔfH∘/kJ⋅mol−1 | −1284 | −538.4 | −230.02 | ||
| S∘/J⋅mol−1⋅K−1 | 85.4 | −325 | −10.9 |
Part A Compute ΔrH∘ (Express your answer in kilojoules per mole as an integer.)
Part B Compute ΔrS∘ (Express your answer in joules per mole per kelvin to one decimal place.)
Part C Compute ΔrG∘ at 298 K (Express your answer in kilojoules per mole as an integer.)
Part E Determine the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of Al(OH)3 at 298 K
Part F Determine the Gibbs energy change for the dissolution of Al(OH)3 when the concentrations of Al3+ and OH− are both 1.20×10−7mol⋅L−1 (Express your answer in kilojoules per mole as an integer.)
Part H At what temperature will Al(OH)3(s) be at equilibrium with Al3+ and OH−, each at 1.20×10−7mol⋅L−1?
Part I Explain why the entropy of dissolution for this reaction, solid Al(OH)3(s) dissolving to form Al3+ and 3OH−, is so negative. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
lose, holds on to, low, is released from, gain, high
The Al 3+ ion has a quite __ charge so that it __ water molecules, which causes the water molecules to __ translational and rotational degrees of freedom so that the entropy associated with Al 3+ in the aqueous phase is very negative.
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