Question

In: Nursing

Which conditions may be treated with monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy? (Select all that apply.) Group of...

Which conditions may be treated with monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy? (Select all that apply.)

Group of answer choices

Heart murmur

Hemophilia

Asthma

Breast cancer

Expert Solution

Monoclonal Antibodies

They are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells, which are all clones belong to a unique parent cell. They have the ability to recognize a unique epitopes or binding sites, on a single antigen.

They are produced in the laboratory to serve as a substitute antibodies that can restore, mimic or enhance the immune systems attack on cancer cells.

Monoclonal Antibodies in Treatment Of Breast Cancer

Monoclonal antibodies can interfere with cancer growth by targetting specific cellular receptors & pathways that are important in tumor growth.

They are coming under Targeted therapy, which is more selective for specific molecular targets than cytotoxic anticancerous drugs. Thus they are able to kill cancer cells without damaging the normal cells.

They are capable of binding to specific target cells including tumor cells. They function b being directed at specific binding sites, thus inhibiting the internalization of receptor antibody complex and signaling pathways. It can also stimulate an immunological response in the patient.

List of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of cancer are

Drug	Mechanism Of Action	Indication	Side Effects
Alemtuzumab Ozogamicin ( Campath )	Binds CD52 antigen ( found on T & B cells, monocytes, NK cells, neutrophils )	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( B cell )	Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Fatigue, Bone marrow suspension, Fever, Chills, Nausea
Trastuzumab ( Herceptin )	Binds human epidermal growth factor receptors 2 ( HER-2 )	Breast cancer ( HER-2-positive )	Cardiotoxicity
Gemtuzumab ozogamcin ( Mylotarg )	Binds CD33 antigen ( expressed on leukemia cells ) to deliver cytotoxic drug into the DNA	Acute myeloid leukemia	Bone marrow suspension, Fever, Chills, Nausea

Monoclonal Antibodies in Treatment Of Astma

Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody to IgE that decreases circulating free IgE levels. It prevents IgE from attaching to mast cell thus preventing the release of chemichal mediators.

A reduction in corticosteroid & improvement in Asthma control have been found with the administration of omalizumab.

Indication : Moderate to severe persistent allergic asthma that cammot be controlled by corticosteroids

Route Of Administration : Subcutaneously every 2 - 4 weeks

Risk includes ; Anaphylaxis & Cancer

From this it is well understood that Monoclonal Antibodies can be use in the treatment of Breast Cancer & Asthma.

Heart Murmur : We cant use monoclonal antibodies in heart murmur. It can cause hypersensitivity reaction, incipient heart failure, inducing myocardial infraction, etc. in the patient.

Hemophilia : The versatile binding ability of monoclonal antibodies can mimic, block or cause changes to inact precise mechanism by immune system stimulation or by activating enzymes . this creates more side effects than benefits. Stills studies are conducting regarding the applicability. But presently its not in practice.

Nightingale answered 2 years ago

According to constructivism, which of the followings are correct? Please select all that apply. Group...

According to constructivism, which of the followings are correct? Please select all that apply. Group of answer choices A. Personalities of the world leaders are the main factor shaping global politics. B. As states interact, they together create collectively held ideas, beliefs and norms. C. States attach meanings to the material world and these meanings are shaped/constructed by the collectively held ideas, beliefs and norms in the system. D. States have constant relations among each other and they interact...

1-Which one of the following is true of tRNA molecules? Select all that apply. Group of...

1-Which one of the following is true of tRNA molecules? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices The anticodon arm of tRNA contains a three nucleotide sequence that is identical to a specific mRNA codon. tRNA molecules contain the unusual nucleotides dihydrouridine, pseudouridine, and ribothymine. tRNA molecules form their 3D structures due to covalent bonding. The 3' terminal nucleotide of tRNA is the site of amino acid attachment. tRNA molecules are single stranded RNA. 2-The genetic code is degenerate...

Which of the following scenarios contain nonbiased samples? Select all that apply. Select all that apply:...

Which of the following scenarios contain nonbiased samples? Select all that apply. Select all that apply: To estimate the mean height of students at her school, Kelly collects data by selecting a random group of students within her classroom. Elizabeth wants to estimate the mean grade point average of students at her school. She collects data by recording the grade point average of every 25th student on the list of students after a randomly selected first student. Andrew wants to...

Which of the following events occur during eukaryotic translation initiation? Select all that apply. Group of...

Which of the following events occur during eukaryotic translation initiation? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices a) GTP bound to EF-G is hydrolyzed to GDP. b) A helicase eliminates secondary structure in the 5' UTR of the mRNA. c) The ribosome finds the start codon on the mRNA. d) A methoinine specific tRNA molecule binds to the A site of the ribosome. e) Proteins bound to the 5' cap associate with ribosome associated proteins. f) Peptide bond formation...

Which of the following may be employed to treat NCS? Select all that apply. a)Mineralocorticoids b)Disopryramide...

Which of the following may be employed to treat NCS? Select all that apply. a)Mineralocorticoids b)Disopryramide c)Beta-adrenergic blockers d)ACE inhibitors e)Alpha agonists f)Alpha antagonists g)Compression stocking h)counter-maneuvers

Regarding A1C blood testing, which of the following are TRUE? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY (You may...

Regarding A1C blood testing, which of the following are TRUE? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY (You may need to consult additional resources) A Is a direct measurement of blood glucose concentrations B Represents the fraction of hemoglobin containing bound monosaccharides C Estimates blood glucose concentrations over a 2-3 month period D Cannot provide reliable data to support a diagnosis

Which species have no dipole moment? Select all that apply. Select all that apply. CH3N+2 HNO3...

Which species have no dipole moment? Select all that apply. Select all that apply. CH3N+2 HNO3 N3- CH3CONH2 O3

Which of the following compounds cannot form a pyranose? Select all that apply. Select all that...

Which of the following compounds cannot form a pyranose? Select all that apply. Select all that apply from the following: D-allose D-altrose D-arabinose D-erythrose D-erythrulose D-fructose D-galactose D-glucose D-glyceraldehyde D-gulose D-idose D‐lyxose D-mannose D‐psicose D-ribose D-ribulose D-sorbose D-tagatose D-talose D-threose D‐xylose D-xylulose None of the above

A subquery can select which of the following in MySQL? (Select all that apply) • A...

A subquery can select which of the following in MySQL? (Select all that apply) • A single row and a single column • Multiple rows with a single column • Mutiple rows and multiple colmns • A single row with multiple columns

Which is a good definition of an outlier? (Select all that apply)

Which is a good definition of an outlier? (Select all that apply)A data point outside the confidence intervalA data point that greatly influences the regression lineValues for individual explanatory variables that fall outside the general pattern of the other observationsAn extreme value for a few variables