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Which conditions may be treated with monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy? (Select all that apply.) Group of...

Which conditions may be treated with monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy? (Select all that apply.)

Group of answer choices

Heart murmur

Hemophilia

Asthma

Breast cancer

Expert Solution

Monoclonal Antibodies

They are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells, which are all clones belong to a unique parent cell. They have the ability to recognize a unique epitopes or binding sites, on a single antigen.

They are produced in the laboratory to serve as a substitute antibodies that can restore, mimic or enhance the immune systems attack on cancer cells.

Monoclonal Antibodies in Treatment Of Breast Cancer

Monoclonal antibodies can interfere with cancer growth by targetting specific cellular receptors & pathways that are important in tumor growth.

They are coming under Targeted therapy, which is more selective for specific molecular targets than cytotoxic anticancerous drugs. Thus they are able to kill cancer cells without damaging the normal cells.

They are capable of binding to specific target cells including tumor cells. They function b being directed at specific binding sites, thus inhibiting the internalization of receptor antibody complex and signaling pathways. It can also stimulate an immunological response in the patient.

List of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of cancer are

Drug	Mechanism Of Action	Indication	Side Effects
Alemtuzumab Ozogamicin ( Campath )	Binds CD52 antigen ( found on T & B cells, monocytes, NK cells, neutrophils )	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( B cell )	Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Fatigue, Bone marrow suspension, Fever, Chills, Nausea
Trastuzumab ( Herceptin )	Binds human epidermal growth factor receptors 2 ( HER-2 )	Breast cancer ( HER-2-positive )	Cardiotoxicity
Gemtuzumab ozogamcin ( Mylotarg )	Binds CD33 antigen ( expressed on leukemia cells ) to deliver cytotoxic drug into the DNA	Acute myeloid leukemia	Bone marrow suspension, Fever, Chills, Nausea

Monoclonal Antibodies in Treatment Of Astma

Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody to IgE that decreases circulating free IgE levels. It prevents IgE from attaching to mast cell thus preventing the release of chemichal mediators.

A reduction in corticosteroid & improvement in Asthma control have been found with the administration of omalizumab.

Indication : Moderate to severe persistent allergic asthma that cammot be controlled by corticosteroids

Route Of Administration : Subcutaneously every 2 - 4 weeks

Risk includes ; Anaphylaxis & Cancer

From this it is well understood that Monoclonal Antibodies can be use in the treatment of Breast Cancer & Asthma.

Heart Murmur : We cant use monoclonal antibodies in heart murmur. It can cause hypersensitivity reaction, incipient heart failure, inducing myocardial infraction, etc. in the patient.

Hemophilia : The versatile binding ability of monoclonal antibodies can mimic, block or cause changes to inact precise mechanism by immune system stimulation or by activating enzymes . this creates more side effects than benefits. Stills studies are conducting regarding the applicability. But presently its not in practice.

Nightingale answered 1 year ago

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