Question

In: Biology

1-Which one of the following is true of tRNA molecules? Select all that apply. Group of...

1-Which one of the following is true of tRNA molecules? Select all that apply.

Group of answer choices

The anticodon arm of tRNA contains a three nucleotide sequence that is identical to a specific mRNA codon.

tRNA molecules contain the unusual nucleotides dihydrouridine, pseudouridine, and ribothymine.

tRNA molecules form their 3D structures due to covalent bonding.

The 3' terminal nucleotide of tRNA is the site of amino acid attachment.

tRNA molecules are single stranded RNA.

2-The genetic code is degenerate because:

Group of answer choices

not all possible codons are used to code for amino acids.

one particular codon can code for more than one amino acid.

one particular amino acid can only be encoded by one codon.

one particular amino acid can be encoded by more than one codon.

3-Which of the following best describes the procedure Nirenberg took to decipher the genetic code?

Group of answer choices

They synthesized proteins of known amino acid sequence to see which tRNA bound.

They added ribosomes, tRNA, and codons together to see which codons resulted in tRNA/ribosome association.

They stuck tRNA to a filter and saw which codons bound to it.

Solutions

Expert Solution

1. The correct statements are

  • tRNA molecules contain the unusual nucleotides dihydrouridine, pseudo uridine, and ribothymine.
  • tRNA molecules are single stranded RNA.
  • The 3'-terminal nucleotide of tRNA is the site of amino acid attachment.

The anticodon arm of tRNA contains a three nucleotide-sequence that is complementary to a specific mRNA codon. The tRNA strand takes on a complex 3D structure because base pairs are formed between nucleotides in different parts of the molecule.  This makes double-stranded regions and loops in the tRNA. Each tRNA and specific amino acid bond covalently.

2. The correct statement is

One particular amino acid can be encoded by more than one codon.

Three nucleotides encode an amino acid. There are 64 possible base triplets made of four bases and only 20 amino acids. Thus, for most amino acids, there are more than one codon. 61 of the 64 triplets encode specific amino acids.  The remaining 3 triplets (called stop codons) designate the termination of translation.

3. The correct statement is

They added ribosomes, tRNA, and codons together to see which codons resulted in tRNA/ribosome association.

The experiment of Nirenberg deciphered the first triplet codon in the genetic code by using nucleic acid homopolymers to translate specific amino acids. He showed that RNA codons controlled the production of specific types of protein.

gladiator answered 2 years ago
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