Question

1. During an infectious process, which of the following apply to the specific function of the membrane attack complex (MAC, C5b-9)

1. Induce vasodilation of blood vessels
2. Opsonize the pathogen
3. Induce of the release of interferon from mast cells
4. Increase the rate of phagocytosis
5. None of the above apply to the specific function of the MAC complex  

1. The predominant protective maternal antibody found in breast milk and other secretions is

1. IgM
2. IgG
3. IgD
4. IgS
5. IgE
6. None of the answers are correct

1. Hematopoiesis is induced in response to the production of

1. Ig-4
2. None of the answers are correct
3. Ig-8
4. Ig-2
5. Ig-1
6. Ig-6

1. you are physician treating a pediatric patient infected with the virus that causes mumps. The virus infects the parotids salivary glands with acute illness. Which of the following apply during the early symptomatic stages of the illness?

1. The patient has a population of mump specific memory cells
2. The patient has no mum specific T_h, T_c, and B cells
3. None of the answers apply
4. The patient has a small number of mump specific T_h, T_c, and B cells
5. The patient has an elevated level of mump specific IgE

Answer 1

Q1

Answers: None of the above apply to the specific function of the MAC complex.

Explanation: Classical pathway and alternative pathways of complement activations are involved in the formation of MAC (membrane attack complex) complex. This complex is formed by various complement proteins and kills the pathogen by creating pores in the membrane.

Explanations for the wrong answers:

a. Induce vasodilation of blood vessels

Explanation: Vasodilation does not have any role in the formation of the MAC complex.

b. Opsonize the pathogen

Explanation: Complements attachment to the target cell induces opsonization (by phagocytic cell). However, the formation of MAC complex does not involve opsonization.

c. Induce of the release of interferon from mast cells

Explanation: This also true; however, the MAC complex does not involve it.

d. Increase the rate of phagocytosis

Attachment of complements to the antigen-antibody complex will induce phagocytosis. However, MAC formation does not include phagocytosis.

Q2.

Answers

f. None of the answers are correct

Explanation: It is IgA antibody that is present in breast milk and body secretions. This antibody is the part of passive immunity and provides the first defense to the foreign particle in the newborn baby.

Explanations for the wrong answers:

There is not IgS antibody that exists. Though other antibodies (IgM, IgD, IgG and IgE) are produced in the body after infection, they are not part of breast milk and body secretions.

Q3

Answers

b. None of the answers are correct

Explanation: Hematopoiesis involves the formation, development, and differentiation of all blood cells from the progenitor hematopoietic stem cells. This process does not involve any Ig1,2,4, and 8, however, the role of growth factors like IL2, 3, 6, and 7, colony-stimulating factors (CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF in the maturation of blood cells has been suggested.

Q4

Answers

b. The patient has no mum specific Th, Tc, and B cells

Explanation: The mumps virus causes mumps. It is an enveloped virus and contains a linear single-stranded RNA. During the early symptomatic stage of the disease, the body does not have any immunogenic cells in the body. It takes 5 to 6 days after the entry of viruses or pathogenic bacteria to produce antibodies for the foreign particles.  

Explanations for wrong answers:

a. The patient has a population of mump specific memory cells

Explanation: Memory cells will be produced if the patient must have exposed to the infection earlier or vaccinated. This information is not provided in the question. Hence this can't be the correct answer.

b. The patient has a small number of mump specific Th, Tc, and B cells

Explanation: No, before the prior infection body will not produce any immune cell for the causative antigen.

c. The patient has an elevated level of mump specific IgE

Explanation: No, It will take at least 5 to 6 days for the synthesis of any antibody after infection.