Question

Identify, describe, and define the concepts, purposes, and components of a nursing model, and apply basic systems model concepts to the Roy Adaptation Model.

Answer 1

  ROY ADAPTATION MODEL

INTRODUCTION; Nursing is establishing itself as a scientific discipline. The nursing models provide the basis for selecting knowledge to be transmitted in nursing education. It is the framework for nursing practice and the direction for nursing research ROY'S ADAPTATION MODEL.

EVOLUTION OF THEORY :

• Concept of the theory was developed when Roy was graduate student
• Challenged by another nurse theorist Dorothy E.Johnson to develop a theory of nursing
• Operationalizing in 1968
• Literature debut in 1970
• Model presentation in 197

DEFINITION: Roy’s Adaptation Model (RAM) “Nursing is to help the person adapt to change in physiological needs, self-concepts, role function and interdependent relations during health and illness  

GOAL OF RAM: Roy's goal for nursing is "the promotion of adaptation in each of the four modes, thereby contributing to the person's health, quality of life and dying with dignity".

metaparadigm OF RAM:

• HUMAN BEING
• ENVIRONMENT
• HEALTH
• NURSING

CONCEPT: HUMAN BEING:

• The Person viewed as a adaptive system, their health, and their environment
• Interchanging with the environment
• A person also refers to families, groups, communities and the whole society

ENVIRONMENT:

• All conditions, circumstances and influences that surround and affect the development and behavior of the person
• A change acts as a stimulating and causes adaptive responses

HEALTH:

• It is a process where he or she is striving to achieve their maximum potential Nursing
• Nursing acts to enhance the interaction of the person with the environment to promote adaptation

NURSING: Acts to enhance the interaction of the person with the enviornmnet to promote adaptation.

ADAPTIVE MODES OF RAM:

• Physiological: Oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity, rest, and protection
• Self Concept: Psychological and spiritual elements
• Role Function: primary, secondary, and tertiary roles the person performs in society
• Adaptive Modes Of RAM Contd… Interdependence: coping mechanisms arising from close relationships

PURPOSES:

1. To Promote Behavior:

• Served as a guide to assess each member's level of adaptation
• Identify actual or potential adaptation problems
• examining the stimuli that influence those problems
• management of stimuli to promote adaptationIn Education:

1. Nursing education

• Geriatric Nurse-Practitioner Program
• University of Ottawa School of Nursing
• In Administration:
• A Nursing Philosophy
• Mission Statements
• Standards of Practice
• Job Descriptions
• Planning and Appraisal
• Quality Monitoring

Levels of Adaptation

Integrated Process

The various modes and subsystems meet the needs of the environment. These are usually stable processes (e.g., breathing, spiritual realization, successful relationship).

Compensatory Process

The cognator and regulator are challenged by the needs of the environment, but are working to meet the needs (e.g., grief, starting with a new job, compensatory breathing).

Compromised Process

The modes and subsystems are not adequately meeting the environmental challenge (e.g., hypoxia, unresolved loss, abusive relationships).

Six-Step Nursing Process

A nurse’s role in the Adaptation Model is to manipulate stimuli by removing, decreasing, increasing or altering stimuli so that the patient

1. Assess the behaviors manifested from the four adaptive modes.
2. Assess the stimuli, categorize them as focal, contextual, or residual.
3. Make a statement or nursing diagnosis of the person’s adaptive state.
4. Set a goal to promote adaptation.
5. Implement interventions aimed at managing the stimuli.
6. Evaluate whether the adaptive goal has been met.

Strengths of the Roy’s Adaptation Model

• The Adaptation Model of Callista Roy suggests the influence of multiple causes in a situation, which is a strength when dealing with multi-faceted human beings.
• The sequence of concepts in Roy’s model follows logically. In the presentation of each of the key concepts, there is the recurring idea of adaptation to maintain integrity. Every concept was operationally defined.
• The concepts of Roy’s model are stated in relatively simple terms.
• A major strength of the model is that it guides nurses to use observation and interviewing skills in doing an individualized assessment of each person.The concepts of Roy’s model are applicable within many practice settings of nursing.

Weaknesses

• Painstaking application of the model requires significant input of time and effort.
• Roy’s model has many elements, systems, structures and multiple concepts.