In: Biology
The human papilloma virus is a highly efficient virus in its method to avoid detection in the human body and hence spread the infection. Thus, the spread of the sexually transmitted disease is high because of it going unnoticed and infecting healthy tissue of the body in the female reproductive tract.
While developing the human papilloma virus vaccine, it is ensured that the vaccine being administered in women is able to mimic the structure and trigger the bod defense maechanism against it. The vaccine is prepared using the capsid proteins of the viral particle and thse surface antigens are recognised as foreign invaders in the body due to which an immune response is triggered in the body. In response to thses antigens, antibodies are produced by the body which result in the pre-exising avaialbility of the anti-HPV antibodies in the bloodstream. They will now be able to aggressively attack the entry of the virus into the bloodstream. Since, thses vaccines are non-infectious in nature, they would not multiply but remain at the site of introduction trggering the cellular defense mechanism thus preparing the body when the virus will attack. There are two different types of the HPV vaccine currntly present in the market. One of them is the therapeutic vaccine which is administered to patients who have already been infected by the HPV. The second type of vaccine is the prophylactic or preventive vaccine which is given to women in a particular age group to prevent the spread and growth of the infection as well as the progression of the cervical cancer in women. Depending on the type of the vacine being given to women, the proteins being expressed on the vaccine will also differ. The therapeutic vaccine expresses the proteins which are produced in the early stages of develoment by the virus while the prophylactic vaccine expresses the capsid proteins.