Question

I am writing a paper on the dealiest epidemics in recorded history. I am looking for information on the polio virus, thypoid fever, and the black palgue. I need help identifying when these diseases started, what started them, the virus or mutation that caused them, how they spread and the preventative measures to stop them.

Answer 1

Ans .

1. Polio virus: Polio is viral disease and also called as poliomyelitis or infantile paralysis. This is a viral infection disease and causes paralysis, death of patient. This disease spreads from one person to another .There are mainly two types of polio symptoms-symptomatic polio and paralytic polio disease. Symptomatic polio is also called as non-paralytic polio and occurs in 1 or 2% of people. Other type of polio is paralytic polio, in type virus enters into the motor neurons and replicates which destroys the cells. This disease is spread when the person ingest the poliovirus through mouth and it happens by many factors such as eating food which prepared by the polio infected person, contaminated water, contact with the diseased person, inhaling the airborne droplets of diseased person. Polio can be diagnosed in laboratory by the patient’s throat secretion, feacal matter or by the cerebrospinal fluid. There is no treatment of this disease but it can be prevented by certain vaccines: oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) and inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV).

2. Typhoid fever: Typhoid is a bacterial infection which is caused by Salmonella. Typhi bacteria. Salmonella Typhi is present in the infected person bloodstream and gut. Some people are the carriers of this bacteria and excreted out through feacal matter and urine. This bacteria spreads by consuming the contaminated food and water. Symptoms of this disease are high fever, severe headache, and loss of appetite, enlarged spleen which causes abdominal discomfort, dry cough in the early symptom, constipation or diarrhea. Diagnosis done from the blood or bone marrow early in the illness. Later stage of illness can be diagnosed urine or a faecal sample and detected by using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test. With the help of antibiotics this disease can be cured and can be prevented by taking care of eatables and drinking. By drinking boiled or treated water or bottled drinks. By taking care of few measures helps us to protect against foodborne illnesses, should wash hands after using the toilet and before eating, drinking and smoking.

3. Black plague: Plague is a bacterial infection and caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. This bacteria id found in rats, or guinea pigs and spread between animals and humans by bite of infected fleas, contact with infected animal and by breathing. Mainly there are three types of plague which are bubonic, septicaemic, and pneumonic. This disease is spread from direct contact with the infected person by means cough or by infected air droplets and can cause pneumonic and pharyngeal plague and buboes plague id spread by direct contact with pus cells. Early symptoms of this disease is fever, chills, muscle pain, nausea, sore throat and headache. In the bubonic plague painful inflamed lymph nodes are formed which releases pus. It is called as buboes. Septicaemic plague infection occurs in the blood and cause abdominal pain, vomiting, blackening of fingers, toes and nose bleeding. Pneumonic plague infection occurs in the lungs and cause cough in patients. Plague can be diagnosed by buboe fluid, sputum or cerebrospinal fluid. Plague can be treated by appropriate antibiotics and suspected person should be admitted to hospital immediately. Best prevention is that the area where plague occurs people should wear gloves while handling with wild animals.