Question

Answer with TRUE or FALSE and include ONLY ONE sentence explanation

Q1. All routes of vaccination successfully elicit virtually identical immune responses

Q2. The prevalence of atopy has been steadily decreasing in the developed world

Q3. During anaphylactic shock, blood vessels lose their permeability, and high blood pressure leads to death

Q4. Serum sickness is a cellular hypersensitivity, primarily T-cell driven, can also invoke an inflammatory response by binding to complement proteins C5a

Answer 1

1. FALSE.

Route of delivery can affect the vaccine localization that may influence the priming of immune cells as well as consequential local and systemic immune responses. Conventional vaccination approaches include mucosal and parental administration, and the choice of one strategy over the other depends on the type of vaccine and protective immunity needed to conquer the disease based on the route of infection and transmission.

2. FALSE.

The incidence of development of allergies has been steadily increasing in the 'developed world'. This could be due to increased hygiene products use, which does not "train" the immune system well to so called foreign and infecyious particles/microbes.

3. FALSE

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. Anaphylaxis symptoms usually occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen. Low blood pressure (hypotension) is a good sign/symptom related to anaphylaxis. The histamine released by your body during an anaphylactic reaction causes blood vessels to widen which leads to a sudden and severe drop in blood pressure.

4. FALSE

Serum sickness is an immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction that classically presents with fever, rash, polyarthritis or polyarthralgias.

When an antiserum is given, the human immune system can mistake the proteins present for harmful antigens. The body produces antibodies, which combine with these proteins to form immune complexes. These complexes precipitate, enter the walls of blood vessels, and activate the complement cascade, initiating an inflammatory response and consuming much of the available complement component 3 (C3). The result is a leukocytoclastic vasculitis. This results in hypocomplementemia, a low C3 level in serum. They can also cause more reactions resulting in typical symptoms of serum sickness.