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When defining healthcare data standards for computer systems one of the following methods could be used:...

When defining healthcare data standards for computer systems one of the following methods could be used: • Text based specific formats • XML based formats • JSON based formats a. Give one (1) example for each of the above methods used in defining healthcare standards. b. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of the above methods.

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Expert Solution

The term data standards for computer systems, in health care encompasses methods, protocols, terminologies, and specifications for the collection, exchange, storage, and retrieval of information associated with health care applications, including medical records, medications, radiological images, payment and reimbursement, medical devices and monitoring systems, and administrative.

Standardizing health care data involves the following:

Standardizing health care data involves the following:

1.Definition of data elements

2.Terminologies

3.Knowledge Representation 4.Data interchange formats

JSON based specific format

A JSON object contains data in the form of key/value pair. The keys are strings and the values are the JSON types. Keys and values are separated by colon. Each entry (key/value pair) is separated by comma.

JSON Example

1. {"employees":[  

2.     {"name":"Shyam", "email":},  

3.     {"name":"Bob", "email":},  

4.     {"name":"Jai", "email":}  

Advantages of JSON based formats

JSON is a much simpler format than XML. JSON is intended only for describing data as an object hierarchy, while XML has many other features as well. If you only need to send plain simple data, then JSON is a good alternative, as that is just what it's intended for.

Disadvantages of JSON based formats

While we saw the advantages, it is not devoid of disadvantages too. Following are the disadvantages: 1. it is not fully secure.

2. It is limited in terms of the supported datatypes.

XML based format:

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers. Don't expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages.

Example:

XML Files

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
  <from>Jani</from>
  <heading>Reminder</heading>
  <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
  </note>

Most browsers will display an XML document with color-coded elements.

Often a plus (+) or minus sign (-) to the left of the elements can be clicked to expand or collapse the element structure.

To view raw XML source, try to select "View Page Source" or "View Source" from the browser menu.

Advantages of XML

1. It supports Unicode, allowing almost any information in any written human language to be communicated.
2. The strict syntax and parsing requirements make the necessary parsing algorithms extremely simple, efficient, and consistent.
3. XML is heavily used as a format for document storage and processing, both online and offline.   4. It can represent common computer science data structures: records, lists, and trees.             

5. Its self-documenting format describes structure and field names as well as specific values.

Disadvantages of XML

1. XML syntax is verbose and redundant compared to other text-based data transmission formats such as JSON.                                                                                                                          2. The redundancy in syntax of XML causes higher storage and transportation cost when the volume of data is large.   3. XML file sizes are usually very large due to its verbose nature, it is totally dependent on who is writing it.   4. XML doesn’t support array. 5. XML document is less readable compared to other text-based data transmission formats such as JSON.                                                                         

Text Based Specific Format:

Examples

Include word processing documents, log files, and saved email messages. Common text file extensions include. TXT, RTF,

Text formatting data may be qualitative (e.g., font family), or quantitative (e.g., font size, or colour). It may also indicate a style of emphasis (e.g., boldface, or italics), or a style of notation (e.g., strikethrough, or superscript).

The following is a list of advantages and disadvantages to using the different types of text based format.

Advantages

-Text inputs can be used for entering large amounts of information.

- Text inputs are highly flexible and can be used for entry of any type of information.

Disadvantages

-No standard answers are provided for the user so there could be a wide range of answers     which can be difficult to interpret.

- With the exception of being able to set minimum and maximum values, generic text input objects do not offer the ability to provide visual cues to the user about what values might be appropriate for the control. Because of this, you must rely on the field label to convey the appropriate type of entry for the control which can lead to a higher error rate.

Nightingale answered 1 year ago
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