Question

short answer questions

how are population dynamics different in high income and low income countries ?

what is the role or participation in social inclusion ? how would you promote the rate of participation by stakeholders in a sustainable devoolment process ?

what are trends in global food prices and what are their consequences ?

explain how poverty trap has to do with sustainble devoplment.

Answer 1

Population dynamics are different in high income and in low income countries.The fastest population growth occurs in low income countries because of high level of fertility,lack of family planning,superstitions, religious beliefs etc than in high income countries.In low income countries a high percentage of population are under the age of 30.So a larger percentage of the population are in the child bearing age.The rich people have few children as general birth rate decline as in high income countries elderly population will be more ie beyond child bearing age.

Social inclusion means improving the terms and conditions of individuals and group of people taking part in the society.The role of participation in social inclusion means improving the level of well being in the society so that everyone in the society have opportunities to upgrade their potential, there is reduction of inequality,enhancing the well being of the present and future generations , improving social well being in comparison to the developed nations etc.

Participation by stakeholders means common understanding by them and getting involved in the process of decision making.Participation by stakeholders means giving power to them and to own the project jointly by them.To promote participation by stakeholders in a project the first step is to consult them and then move to negotiation and then to joint decision by them.

Global food prices have been rising due to droughts and high temperatures.Since 2005 the world had experienced rise in staple food products. The demand and supply of staple food products are also responsible for rise in prices.Income and per capita consumption has increased and so the demand has risen.But the food supply has not increased due to shortage of land and water for food production.Increased food prices have a negative effect on the income,nutrition and health of consumers.Again rise in food prices have negative impact for food exporting countries.

A poverty trap is a situation that makes it difficult for people to come out of the vicious cycle of poverty.This happens when people need to earn more to come out of poverty.So limited access to credit is one important factor that leads to poverty trap.Sustainable development means meeting the needs of the present generation and leaving enough for the future generation to survive. Sustainability can be environmental, social and economic.The presence of poverty for instance will not allow small farmers to invest and improve on their farm and so there will be low level of income and productivity which will affect sustainability.