Question

A. Type 2 Diabetes

You are working for a physicians specializing in internal medicine. The physician is concerned about the increased numbers of patients developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. He asks you to design a colorful , creative, and informative brochure format provided on the next page. This brochure will be published and placed in the waiting room to provide patients with education on type 2 diabetes.

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Answer 1

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1. Question: What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer: A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose).With type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin, or it resists insulin.

2. Question: What are the signs and symptoms you will see in type 2 diabetes?

• Being very thirsty
• Peeing a lot
• Blurry vision
• Being cranky
• Tingling or numbness in your hands or feet
• Fatigue/feeling worn out
• Wounds that don't heal
• Yeast infections that keep coming back
• Hunger
• Weight loss without trying

3. Question: How type 2 diabetes happens in our body?

Answer: Your pancreas makes a hormone called insulin. It helps your cells turn glucose, a type of sugar, from the food you eat into energy. People with type 2 diabetes make insulin, but their cells don't use it as well as they should.

At first, your pancreas makes more insulin to try to get glucose into your cells. But eventually, it can't keep up, and the glucose builds up in your blood instead.

4. Question: Who are at risk of type 2 diabetes?

• Answer: Age: 45 or older
• Family: A parent, sister, or brother with diabetes
• Ethnicity: African American, Alaska Native, Native American
• Prediabetes
• Heart and blood vessel disease
• High blood pressure, even if it's treated and under control
• Low HDL ("good") cholesterol
• High triglycerides
• Being overweight or obese

5. Question: How to diagnose type 2 diabetes?

• A1C. It's like an average of your blood glucose over the past 2 or 3 months.
• Fasting plasma glucose. This is also known as a fasting blood sugar test. It measures your blood sugar on an empty stomach. You won't be able to eat or drink anything except water for 8 hours before the test.
• Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This checks your blood glucose before and 2 hours after you drink something sweet to see how your body handles the sugar.

6. Question: what lifestyle chance you need to adopt for type 2 diabetes?

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· Lifestyle changes: You may be able to reach your target blood sugar levels with diet and exercise alone.

• Weight loss. Dropping extra pounds can help.
• Healthy eating . There’s no specific diet for type 2 diabetes. A registered dietitian can teach you about carbs and help you make a meal plan you can stick with. Focus on:
  • Eating fewer calories
  • Cutting back on refined carbs, especially sweets
  • Adding veggies and fruits to your diet
  • Getting more fiber
• Exercise. Try to get 30 to 60 minutes of physical activity every day. You can walk, bike, swim, or do anything else that gets your heart rate up.
• Watch your blood sugar levels: Depending on your treatment, especially if you’re on insulin, your doctor will tell you if you need to test your blood sugar levels and how often to do it.

7. Questions: what medications to take for type 2 diabetes?

Answer: If lifestyle changes don’t get you to your target blood sugar levels, you may need medication. Some of the most common for type 2 diabetes include:

• Metformin  (Fortamet, Glucophage). This is usually the first medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It lowers the amount of glucose your liver makes and helps your body respond better to the insulin it does make.
• Sulfonylureas. This group of drugs helps your body make more insulin. They include glimepiride (Amaryl), glipizide (Glucotrol,)
• Meglitinides. They help your body make more insulin, and they work faster than sulfonylureas. You might take nateglinide (Starlix) or repaglinide (Prandin).

8. Question: What preventive measures you can pick up for type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Adopting a healthy lifestyle can help you lower your risk of diabetes.

• Lose weight . Dropping just 7% to 10% of your weight can cut your risk of type 2 diabetes in half.
• Get active. Thirty minutes of brisk walking a day will cut your risk by almost a third.
• Eat right. Avoid highly processed carbs, sugary drinks, and trans and saturated fats. Limit red and processed meats.
• Quit smoking . Work with your doctor to keep from gaining weight after you quit, so you don't create one problem by solving another.

FAQ ON: What are the complications of type 2 diabetes?

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          Over a period of time with type 2 diabetes, high blood sugar can damage and cause problems with your:

• Heart and blood vessels. You’re up to five times more likely to get heart disease or have a stroke. You’re also at high risk of blocked blood vessels (atherosclerosis) and chest pain (angina).
• Kidneys . If your kidneys are damaged or you have kidney failure, you could need dialysis or a kidney replacement.
• Eyes . High blood sugar can damage the tiny blood vessels in the backs of your eyes (retinopathy). If this isn’t treated, it can cause blindness.
• Skin. Your blood doesn’t circulate as well, so wounds heal slower and can become infected.
• Pregnancy. Women with diabetes are more likely to have a miscarriage, a stillbirth, or a baby with a birth defect.
• Hearing. You’re more likely to have hearing problems, but it’s not clear why.
• Brain. High blood sugar can damage your brain and might put you at higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease.