Question

Explain the consequences of dysregulation of the cell cycle. 10 marks

Answer 1

Explain the consequences of dysregulation of the cell cycle

There are three principal physiological progressions that control tissue homoeostasis in multicellular organisms. The three are Cell division, cell differentiation and cell death. Interruption of genomic integrity and diminished regulation of cell death can lead to uncontrolled cell growth. Similarly cell death can also leads to genomic instability.

The normal cell cycle goes through 5 different stages such as Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. Each stage has a purpose that helps in changing or replacing the dead cells with fresh cells. But sometimes, things go incorrect in the progression & a problem can be made.

Another important consequence is, when the cell senses the destruction, the cell attempts to fix it, but if the impairment is too much for the cell, the cell will kill itself and it is called apoptosis. If apoptosis does not work, cells with damaged DNA are able to divide, which leads to the further mutations & can develop & leads to diseases such as cancer. When a normal cell goes through mitosis, there are various checkpoints where the cell makes sure it’s healthy & ready to divide. If a cell passes the restriction point (G1/S checkpoint), it is more likely to complete the cell cycle & divide or it can undergo apoptosis (process of programmed cell death)

The disruption of the cell cycle can cause many different types of cancer, including breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer. Etc.

Dysregulation of cell cycle have vital role in the development of major disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, infection, reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, infection, inflammation, premature ageing and neurodegenerative diseases.