Question

Qualitative Research Methods

1. Describe the following differences in the different types of approaches or methodologies for conducting qualitative research.

a. Phenomenology

b. Ethnography

c. Ground Theory

2. Give example an example of a qualitative research question that would provide needed knowledge to nurse managers' leadership style and what approach would you use?

Answer 1

a. phenomenology approach is lived experience of perceptions, which may be collected through the audiotapes or videotapes. it is not only assess the words and language but also assessing way  of response example, tone, pause, inflectios of voices

the participants are allowed to explain their experiences, after that the researcher transfers particpants  information into understanding way. at end, researcher put partcipants information into writing form and the same is explained to reader.

application of phenomenon into research

1. it is necessary to develop a question which should explain lived experience of the particpants. the question should be clear from this subsequent question are formed. it is better for the researcher not to develop hypothesis other wise participants may deviate from a desired answer

2. the researcher should be a good listener and attentive to answer after developing rapport with participants

3. sample size may vary from 5 to 15 partcipants because of excessive recording

4. data is collected by indepth interview, diaries, observation

5. data is analysed and reduce its content after rereading, identify important points said by the participants, and provide themes to the points and find the importat structure of the phenomena. after compare differeneces and similarities of the phenomea and compare important structure of the data  and this discription will be shared.

6. the review of literature is done after data collection and analysis

7. the last on is finding of the research. the research explains finding of lived experiences of particpants and reader comprehends findings.

2. grounded theory

grounded theory builds a bridge between research and original experience and is based on symbolic interaction where meaning of the interaction are explained interms of symbols like words (cat), way of dressing. in which particpants are allowed to explain reality and their belief are connected to their behaviour. these symbolic meaning are based on actions and interaction.it is selected to explain human behaviour and find out social factors that change human behaviour.

application of grounded theory in Research

question are formed, which should be broad and particpants interacts with others in the social settings. sample is collected related to circumstances, events, incidents connected to social settings. the data was collected through the interview, observations. it is based on consistent  comparative approach. newly collected data will be compared to previous collected data data was arranged to compare similarities and differences. while collecting data during research, data is compared to other previous data. review of literature is reviewed simulataneously dueing data collection and analysis.finding of report are reported adequately and thereby reader could understand logic of the method of research.

ethnography:it focuses on descripition of cultural particpants scientifically.it explains culture and its subculture of the participants. it describes pattern of behaviour and values which are shared by particpants. it helps reasearcher to find out how his values and belief affect his health

question are formed that mainly focuses on culture of group and how it affect his health. sample was collected from cultural group. the particpants should have sound knowledge and communications skills and able to explain the researcher about their experiences. data was collected from observation, interview, interpretaion. while gathering data, the data was analysed continuousely. the information is compared from the particpants with other sources. it mainly helps to study in reasearch which is connected to cultural and its universality and diversity

2. the question in that way is formed example an effectiveness of education on  needed knowledge regarding leadership style among nurses managers. here, ground theory approach are used