Question

According to Mojoli et al (2019), what 3 complications from mechanical ventilation can be diagnosed using lung ultrasound?

Answer 1

Lung ultrasound is helpful to diagnose machanical ventilation induced complications they are pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia.

pneumothorax is result from mechanical induced baratrauma as a result of reduced lung compliance. pneumothorax is diagnosed by lung ultrasound than anterior chest xay. the any pleural movement in the visceral pleura produces real images is helpful to diagnose pneumothorax with 100% negative predicted value. by moving probe inferiorlyand laterally, a lung point may be identified in the case of visualization of static A pattern.a collosped return and touch parietal pleura, it is the site where lung points meets, shows 100% positive predicted value. if lung is collosped completely , lung point cannot identified positive predictive value static A value pattern  55 to 98%

pleural effusion:

fluid collected between parietal and visceral pleura can be diagnosed with lung ultrasound. it helps to diagnose morphological assessment and reason for fluid collection and amount of fluid to be drained out.

consolidation:by looking air bronchogram, reason for consolidation can be identified with help of  lung ultrasound. if the air trapped inside brochi, the consolidation will be as white hyperechoic spots by looking at bronchogram. if it moves with tidal ventilation, the dynamic bronchogram shows airway patent, but not alveoli. so here ventilated associted pneumonia can be ruled out. if the consolidation is not specific, two ultrasonic signsof ventilator associated pneumonia , which are subpleural consolidations and absorbent bronchogram. they are combined with a clinical parameter into simple score. if the bronchogram is absent, not move with tidal ventilation, consolidation causes airway obstruction, air cannot enter bronchi during ventilation causes loss of aeration might be reabsorption of atelectasis.

diaphragmatic morphology and function are identified by measuring its thickness, excursion and thickening fraction with the help of ultrasound ith a linear probe at the zone opposition of thoracic wall. it shows diaphragm as double binary structure to theprobe. the muscle thickness slowly decreased during mechanical ventilation.mainly controlled meachnical ventilation and high level assist mechanical ventilation.