Question

. Explain (i.e. compare and contrast) three (3) general theories that explain the emergence of the modern state. Be as specific and detailed as possible.

Answer 1

The state has been seen as the key formation of the modern politics and often as in dispensable to the maintenance of complex societies.

1) The emergence of the modern state:

Largely because of the influence of a tradition instituted by 19th century sociologist, it is almost assumed that the term assumed that the term society refers unequivocally to a universal condition of human existence. At the same time, there is also implicit in the normal use of the term the assumption that societies should possess legel and administrative unity within well defined borders. In fact, only modern societies may be characterised politically unified territorial entities. Far from being the inevitable consequence of universally present principles of human association, that condition came about historically as a result of distinctive forms.

2)Liberalism:The Pluralist state

The reasons for this are clear.Liberal democracies make up the majority of states in the west, that is, the united kingdom and western Europe,united state and canada, Australia and New Zealand. As a model of model of limited and accountable government liberal democracy also represents an aspiration model for emergent democracies in eastern Europe, South America and Africa. In this respect the westminister model and the united states federalist model, often regarded as the first historical examples.

3) The new right: The minimal state

The term new right was associated with the politics of the 'Thatcher era' in the united kingdom and the conservative governments from 1979-1990. In continental Europe, the term 'new libralism' is often used to describe the politics of limited government and fiscal restraint and talk of the politics of 'new liberalism' abounds in the literature on globalisation.In the united states, however, the association of the right-wing politics with certain kinds of christianity and cold war rhetoric led to the 'appellation neoconservative' ofr the kind of Republic party politics associated with Senator Barry Goldwater in the 1960s and with Ronal Reagan.

4)Fundamentalism: Goldy state

5)Feminisms: the gendering of the state

6)Conservatism: athority in the modern state

7)Fascism: over coming the modern state

8) Anarchism

9)The social democratic state

10) Marxism : The state as a real illusion