Question

Part #1

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are used to treat several disorders. Please refer to an additional reference (other than your text) and explain how BZDs are used in the management of each of the following disorders and appropriate patient teaching (in a paragraph in your own words) as your FIRST name indicates:

Please respond to one of the other groups. Remember to enrich the post with additional information.

First Names A - F    Anxiety

First Names G - O   Seizures

First Names P - Z      Anesthesia

My name starts with the letter T so my word would (Anesthesia)

Answer 1

There are numerous reviews on anesthesia awareness (AA) and post-traumatic stress disorder. Some authors assert that the use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) should be limited to patients requiring lower anesthetic drugs dosages for cardiac and emergency surgery, and for multiple-trauma patients. This is in agreement, at least in part, with the recommendations of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) [1]. Indeed, according to the ASA guidelines, the decision to administer BZDs should be made on a case-by-case basis, whereby the use of BZDs has been limited because of the risk of postoperative confusion and cognitive problems, including postoperative delirium (PD). This is one of the most common complications after major surgery, affecting 10-70% of surgical patients of 60 years and older. There are a number of factors associated with PD, including hypoxia, hypercapnia, pain, stress, anxiety, fear, and psychotic and neurotic disorders, making it very difficult to determine the exact dose of midazolam - the BZD most used in anesthesia - that does not increase the risk of PD. Postoperative sedation using a midazolam drip (0.5-2 mg/h) results in delirium in 50% of the patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.