Question

So far, we have seen that diuretics are used to treat multiple disorders. Please describe the positive effects that diuretics have on the body, and then explain the types of diseases they are used to treat, and why they have an impact on these diseases. Remember to use your own words. (NOTE: 200-400 words)

Answer 1

Diuretics	positive effect on body	disease used to treat	impact on these disease
Thiazid diuretics chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide	Block sodium reabsorption in ascending tubule of the kidney, water excreted with sodium, producing decreased blood volume	congestive hart failure , pulmonary edema, left ventricular failure, hypertension Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus	reduce preload reduce fluid volume and excretion of sodium will reduce blood pressure. to create mild hypovolemia. which encourage  sodium and water reuptake in the proximal tubule.
Loop diuretics Frusemide, ethacrynic acid	inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride at the proximal point of ascending loop of Henle	congestive heart failure , pulmonary edema, left ventricular failure, acute renal failure, Ascitis, fluid overrload due to overhydration, nephrotic syndrome hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, anion overdose	reduce ventricular preload enhance urine output and potassium secretion in ARF nephrotic syndrome- increase urine output enhance sodium, water and potassium excretion through urine. calcium excretion
potassium sparing diuretics Spirinolactone/ Aldactone	sodium excreted in exchange for potassium. potassium retained.	hyperaldosteronism, heart failure with risk to hypokalemia, hepatic chirrosis, nephrotic syndrome	water and sodium excreted through urine and reduce risk of hypokalemia.