Question

Part I

Define the following ethical perspectives in your own words. A minimum of three sources must be utilized and cited properly with in-text citations and a reference list. Avoid using direct quotes. If you summarize or paraphrase information in your own words, you must cite sources to provide credit for the ideas and concepts.

A = Rule utilitarianism
B = Kantian ethics
C = Virtue ethics
D = Care ethics
E = Social contract ethics
F = Subjective relativism
G = Cultural relativism
H = Divine command theory
I = Act utilitarianism

Part II

Determine which ethical perspective above is primarily reflected in each of the ten arguments below and explain why. A minimum of three sources must be utilized and cited properly with in-text citations and in the reference list. Avoid using direct quotes. If you summarize or paraphrase information in your own words, you must cite sources to provide credit for the ideas and concepts.

1. Margarita spoke with her family and they all agreed that they would let her take the medication that would allow her to die peacefully instead of in pain.
2. Souerette watched over the children in the daycare meticulously. She knew which children she could trust alone because of their behaviors with each other.
3. He does not have the right character and temperament to be a state governor. He avoided service by faking a medical condition, he rarely tells the truth, he eats and drinks too much, and he has little patience with people.
4. Patient autonomy and free choice are morally correct.
5. I believe that it is perfectly fine to lie about some things.
6. Wearing a mask when engaging with the public is the right decision because it protects the welfare of those in your community.

Answer 1

A) Rule Utilitarianism :-

a form of utilitarianism which states that moral actions are those which conform to the rules which lead to the greatest good.

This form of utilitarianism argues that you should focus on general rules that everyone should follow to bring out the greatest good. Also, this only considers the consequences that is a result of following a rule of conduct

B) Kantian Ethics

Immanuel Kant believed in an objective right and wrong based on reason.

We should make decisions based on what is moral not on our own desires or emotions. Kant's approach was deontological/absolutist, guided by moral absolutes; right takes precedence over 'good'.

We know what is moral because of reason, not intuition or experience of the world.

To test a moral maxim we must ask if it can be universalised if it cannot we should reject it.

Kant rejected a relativist/subjective world view.

C) Virtue Ethics are not concerned with what we ought to do, but with what kind of person we should be. It comes from the word Arête which means virtue and excellence. The first person to put forward the idea of looking inwardly in such a way was Aristotle. Proposing the ethical theory in Nicomeachean Ethics, Aristotle argued that as humans everything we want or desire should lead to happiness, because happiness is good as an end in itself.

D)