Question

Deborah is 56 years old, smokes half a pack of cigarettes a day, and is overweight. Her friend wants her to come to a local women’s fitness class she attends to once a week. She knows Deborah’s dad had died an acute myocardial infarction when he was 56, and she fears, seeing Deborah’s lifestyle, the same fate awaits her friend. What she did not know was that Deborah had also been to her doctor for her annual physical where she was told her LDLs was 180 mg/dL, HDLs were 36 mg/dL, and cholesterol was 239 mg/dL

1. What are Deborah’s known risk factors for coronary heart disease?

2.Deborah’s doctor referred her to a dietician for strict dietary therapy, hoping the intervention would raise her HDL and lower her LDL and cholesterol levels. Why is diet modification necessary to control and moderate the lipids indicated?

3. Deborah’s doctor also gave her pamphlets describing strategies to stop smoking and a list of exercise ideas she might want to try. How is smoking thought to contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation? Why would exercise have a positive effect on Deborah’s lipid profile

Answer 1

@1@

Deborah's known Risk Factors for Developing CHD are as follows:-

A. Hereditary / Family History

B. Age

C. Smoking

D Obesity

E.Syndrome X (SENDATARY LIFE STYLE)

F. High LDL cholestrole

G.low HDL cholestrole

H. High Total cholestrole

I. Atheroscerolsis (DUE TO ALTERED LIPID PROFILE)

J. Hypertension.

@2@ DEBORAH has a Altered lipid profile , that should be corrected , to minimize the risk of CHD. Diet is an important risk factor in coronary Heart disease. Food-related risk factors include obesity, high blood pressure, and a diet high in saturated fats. A low-saturated fat, high-fibre, high plant food diet can substantially reduce the risk of developing CORONARY HEART DISEASE.

LDL (‘bad’) cholesterol can lead to plaque forming in the arteries while HDL (‘good’) cholesterol helps to remove cholesterol from the body and makes it harder for plaque to form in the arteries and prevents from atherosclerosis that may cause CHD.

So diet Modification is necessary to maintain HDL, LDL, AND TOTAL CHOLESTROLE to their normal levels.

@3@

The toxins present in tabacco smoke (Carbon monooxide, Nicotine,Hydrogen cyanide,Ammonia, Benzene) lowers HDL wheras Raising levels of LDL.

Nicotene and Carbon Monooxide present in Cigrrette smoke can damage Endothelium of Blood vessles leads to Build up Of Plaque .

Exercise can leads to strenghthening of Myocardial muscles of heart , and also maintains Alterrd lipid profile by Decreasing LDL and Total Cholestrole.