Question

1macrophage cell engulf bacterium. can you explain what cell structures and organelles involved?

2the shape of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate molecule is similar or complementary to the shape or the active site of aldolase molecule ?

Answer 1

1.There are four essential steps in phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages: (1) the plasma membrane of the macrophage has receptors that interact with bacteria and engulf them, (2) a vacuole forms within the cell to contain the bacteria inside it, (3) lysosomes fuse with the bacteria containing vacuole which is called as the phagolysosome, and (4) enzymes of the lysosomes digest the bacteria.

2. The shape of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) interacts with the active site of the enzyme aldolase and is broken down into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydeoxyacetone phosphate. The aldolase contains two classes of proteins, the first class of proteins denoted by X in the diagram will interact with the keto group of FBP to produce G3P by creation of an intermediate Schiff's base and the second class of proteins neutralises the formation of Schiff's base by utilising the Zn ions in it and releasing DHAP. A concise mechanistic action of aldolase is given in the following image. Hope it helps.

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