Question

Find Article Urinary tract infection Women ?

What is the  pathopysiology ?

What is the cause how you can treat?

Write top 3 nursing diagnosis for UTI

Answer 1

Urinary tract infection refers to the infection in any part of the urinary system I.e, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, or urethra.

Women are at high risk of getting urinary tract infection than men because

• the shorter urethra in females gives easy access to bacteria to the bladder.
• Use of birth control measures like diaphragms
• Increased sexual activity increases the risk of infection
• Hormonal changes after menopause also give chances to get UTI
• Catheter insertion
• Any urinary tract procedures etc

Causes

• Bacterial infection
• E.coli infection
• Weakened immune system
• Hormonal changes
• Menopause

Pathophysiology

The bacteria that entering the gut and colonize. Then it enters into the urinary tract and colonize at the periurethral area. From there , these bacteria ascends to the urinary tract to bladder and multiplies and gradually the infection spreads to the upper urinary tract .The bacterial toxins and proteases cause epithelial damage and this causes inflammation of lining ot UT. Then it ascends to the kidneys and colonization at kidneys resulting in host tissue damage and finally cause bacteremia.

These all triggers micturition reflex and the patient may feel urgency, frequency of urination, burning sensation at urethral site while micturition, pain etc

Treatment

• Drink more water
• Cranberry juice
• Practice good personal hygiene
• Administration of antibiotics in case of severe UTI (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole)
• Nitrofurantoin
• Urinate the need arises
• Get enough vitamin C
• Dietary management ( include more water)
• Probiotics
• Practice good sexual hygiene

Nursing diagnosis for UTI

• Acute pain related to infectious process as evidenced by verbal response or pain rating scale
• Impaired urinary elimination related to urgency and frequency of micturition as evidenced by dysuria, urge to micturate
• Infection related to catheterization as evidenced by fever and chills
• Hyperthermia related to urinary tract infection as evidenced by chills and increased temperature