Question

Summarize the goal of the Human Genome Project and discuss three new fields of science that have developed from this research.

Answer 1

Human genome project was started as an initiative in the United states of america in the 1990's for the sequencing of the entire DNA databases in various organisms in the various countries like United Kingdom, France, Germany, Brazil, Canada and Japan. The sequencing analysis analyzes the 50,000 to 100,000 sequences in the genome with the analysis of the insertions, deletions, duplications, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and mutations that have occured in the various sequences in the genome. The techniques used for sequencing includes fluorescent analysis, sanger sequencing, PCR amplification, mass spectrometry, and radioactive labeling. The country like USA has spent 45 million dollars in the year 2009 on the sequencing of the genome. The genes which form the proteins are identified in the human genome and the importance of each of these proteins is studied in detail with scientific analysis of the importance of the proteins. The bacterial genome with its sequences is studied with analysis of the pathogenicity islands for the importance of these regions in causing infection in bacteria with analysis of the qurum sensing mechanisms in biology. These studies are importance with respect to the study of infection in plant crops in agriculture with use of medicines to cure and treat these diseases. Gene therapy is used for the curing of the infections in biology with medicines for the cure of diseases. The government has analyzed five year plans for the implementation of the analysis of the genome with the analysis of the nucleotides present on the sequence. It has helped tremendously in the analysis of the diseases in humans due to recombination, mutations, and crossing over of the genes in biology. The development of restriction fragment length polymorphism, yeast artificial chromosomes, bacterial artificial chromosomes, and PCR helps in the analysis of the sequences.

The three new fields of science that have developed from this science:

• cancer genome sequencing projects, data mining and analysis with test of significance and p value analysis on bar graphs in histograms.
• plant genome sequencing projects, data mining and analysis.
• bioinformatics, chemi-informatics.