Question

1. Perform a comprehensive assessment of a community in relation to its health needs, health policies and resources. Describe experiences that met this course objective.

Answer 1

INTRODUCTION

According to Roma, assessment is the systematic process for creating profile of the needs and resources of a given community or target popuations assessment is aa tool to assess the current health needs ,health status ,resources available ,health policies etc

COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT

- Comprehensive assessment is a one type of complete assessment used to fin out all the informations related to community

-Comprehensive assessment is a time consuming aaessment and to assess the primary health care,health satus,health services,etc

BENEFITS OF COMPREHENSIVE ASESSMENT

-to strengthen community involvement in decision making

-to improve public participation

-professional developmants of skills and experience

-to improve patient care

-better use of community resoursces

COMPRHENSIVE HEALTH ASSESSMENT NEEDS

-Assess the community needs by the help of different tools

-The main health care needs in the community settings as follows'

-ACCESS TO PRIMARY CARE

-PERSONAL HYGIENE

-NUTRITIONAL PROGRAMMES

-CARE OF THE AGED

-PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

-BEHAVIOURAL HEALTH

-ILLEGAL USE OF DRUGS

-DIABETIC CARE

-IMMUNIZATION

-SMOKING

-DENTAL CARE

-TEENAGE PREGNANACY

-PARENT EDUCATION

-HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMMES IN SCHOOLS

-INJURY PREVENTION AND OBESITY

-NEWBORN CARE

-HANDICAPPED ACCESS

THE PHASES OF HEALTH NEEDS ASSESMENTS

It includes four phases such as;

-SITUATIONAL ASSESSMENT

-FACILITY BASED ASSESSMENT

-UNDERSTANDING THE PATIENTS AND BARRIERS

-PLANNING THE INTERVENTIONS

TOOLS OF HEALTH ASSESSMENT NEEDS

-COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

-DATA COLLECTIONS

-NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

-RESEARCH DESIGNS

COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH POLICY ASSESSMENT

-Policy means a set of guidlines or decisions to improve health status

-Policy primary aim is ,the maintanance and improvement of the health status of set of populations  in a community settings

-The main concepts of health policy includes;

-HEALTH STATUS

-HEALTH SERVICES

-ORGANIZATION AND FINANCING

-HEALTH ADMINISTARTION

-ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH

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LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE POLICIES

1 -At primary level---it includes;

-immunization

-primary education

-food supply and proper nutrition

-safe water and basic sanitation

-family planning

-maternal and child health

-prevention and control of locally endemic disases

2-At state levels

-it includes an intermediate role between the central governmet and local health authorities

-they may create regional health policies and health related programmes

3-At central level

-the main purposes are;

-establishment of standards

-national disease surveillance

-regisration of drugs

-highly specialized health services

-acreditation of training programmes

-emergency and disaster management

-make international relations

THE MAIN ACHEIVEMENTS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH POLICIES

-HEALTH INFR ASTRUCTURE

-SERVICE DELIVERY

-COMMUNITY MONITORING

-SYSTEM STRENGTHENING

TOOLS FOR POLICY MAKING

-measurement of diseases status

-assessment of cost-effectivness of interventions

-analysis of national health accounts

COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMET OF COMMUNITY RESOURCES

-Community resources means agencies used to improve health status

-The main community resources are;

-educatuional agencies

-health care organizations

-human resource agencies

-public library

-hospitals

-parks

-museum

-schools

-municipal buildings

OBJECTIVES OH COMMUNITY RESOURCES ARE'

-objectives should be'-SMART

- SPECIFIC

- MEASURABLE

- ACHEIVABLE

- RELEVENT

-TIME BOUNDED

-develop projects and programmes

-committee recruitment and training

-supporting decision making skills

-relationship building

-supporting media

OBJECTIVES OF COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT

Comprehensive assessment means complete or holistic assessment of a community populations

-Objectives are listed below;

-to reduce priority risk factors and enhance priority protective factors

-informations about gaps,issues,and barriers related to the community resources

-population stabilization   

-medical and health education

-provision of primary health care

-health education

-to identify policy needs

-to formulate policy and designing the policy strategies

-to provide enviornmental protection

-access maternal and child health services

-to maintain relationship with other health care agencies

-to get financial assistance

-to assess target populations

-to make effective communication

-to asess demography,economic and social status

-to eliminate enviornmental troggers

-nutritional programmes

SUMMARY

Comprehensive assessment should includes the following steps such as'

-PLANNING-it involves funding of projects ,roles assigning;necessary supplies etc

-DATA CHOICE-collection of primary and secondary data

-SAMPLING TECHNIQUES -surveys like mail surveus,open ended questions,in persons surveys,telephonic surveys

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