Question

A brief summary of the anatomy and physiology of the eye, and discuss how color vision works.

Answer 1

ANSWER :

The eyes are one of the most important sensory organ in the animal's body, they primarily function to detect or see the objects located in the surroindings.

The physological process of formation the image inside eyes are as follows :-

When the light rays reflected from an object enter the cornea (transparent anterior portion of eyeball) of eyes lead into the pupil (small hole in the center of eyeball), which size regulated by the iris muscles according to the intensity of light. Then light rays travel through a elastic transparent structure called 'lens', it adust the focal length for the distance of object located outside and changes to convex or concave accordingly.

Now, refracted light rays via lens pass through a viterous humor and finally fall into the most sensitive part of eye called "retina". The photosensitive cells (rod cells) located in the fovea centralis region of the eyes detect the light rays and generate an action potential or electrical signals to transmit into the visual cortex located in the occiptl lobe of brain via optic nerve (CN II). The colour vision or seeing the coloured object in surrounding are possible due to presence of specific photosensitive of retina called as "cone cells".