Question

Breifly describe the anatomy and physiology of the Heart.

Answer 1

Anatomy of Heart:

•  It lies in mediastinum (central compartment of thoracic cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue).
• Size- length is 12 cm, width of 9 cm at its broad, Thickness is 6 cm, weighs of about 250 gm (female) and 300 gm (male).
• Pericardium is the membrane that surrounds and protects the heart.
• The layers of the heart include epicardium, myocardium and endocardium.
• The heart consists of 4 chambers - Right atrium, Left atrium, Right ventricle and Left ventricle.
• The valves of the heart include Semilunar (pulmonary and aortic valves) and Atrioventricular valves (Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves).

Physiology of Heart:

•  This is the cardiovascular system which consists of heart and blood vessels (artery and vein). 
• Veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart where as the arteries carry oxygenated blood end from the heart.
• The deoxygenated blood from upper extremes of the body enters into right atrium through a vein called superior vena cava.
• The deoxygenated blood from lower extremes of the body enters into right atrium through a vein called inferior vena cava.
• Coronary sinus collects deoxygenated blood from coronary vessels of myocardium.
• The blood from R.atrium enters the R.ventricle through atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve).
• The blood flows from R.ventricle through bicupsid valve (pulmonary valve) where it goes to heart and gets oxygenated in the heart.
• The pulmonary vein transports the oxygenated blood into  L.atrium and this flows the blood into the L.ventricle through mitral valve allows blood flow in forward direction and prevents unwanted blood flow.
• So, finally goes to the aorta through aortic valve.
• This aorta supplies the oxygenated blood all over the body.

• The heart is the primary organ of the circulatory system of our body.
• This is fist-sized organ which pumps blood throughout the body.