Question

Write a introduction and methods section of a scientific research paper on coffee and average number of cups of coffee consumed per day in association with heart disease.

With regard to using this data for your own individual investigation, you will have to decide: how and when the 105 participants were selected and enrolled in the study; if any inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied when selecting the participants; whether or not the participants belong to a specific population that the study was limited to; when the physical assessment was done, which measurements (i.e., variables) were made during the assessment, and exactly how each measurement was obtained; and which measurements (i.e., variables) refer to a past history vs a prevalent state vs an incident event, how having/not having each history/state/event is defined, and exactly how each measurement was obtained.

Answer 1

Introduction:

A study to find association of coffee consumption and cardiac disease.

Introduction

Coffee is one of the most widely used beverages.Coffee contains caffeine, activates sympathetic vervous system and increase blood pressure and decrease heart rate.Caffeine can act on enzymes in the heart that stimulate the intensity of cardiac contractions. However, incidence of disease depends , amount of coffee intake per day. In this study the researcher, intended to identify the effect of coffee consumption, on cardiac problems.

Methodology .

selection of sample : selected by simple random technique. after getting permission from study subjects and ethical commitee.

inclusion/ exclusion criteria: Include adult persons , who have the habit of drinking coffee, not over dependent to other beverages, and having cardiac diseases.

Exclude : Adults , who are debilitated, difficult to comprehend, and having comorbidities.

Study sample: A study sample , should be selected from adults who are having habit of caffein intake and history of cardiac diseases.

Physical examination and investigations:

Step1: preliminary physical examination and investigations will be done to select correct sample to the study. it includes, head to foot examination, cardiac examinatio( height, weight, heart rate, blood pressure,). Investigations: Serum level of caffein to confirm sample, and brief history. After, preliminary examination samples, selected  according to simple random sampling technique.

Step2: Detailed investigations

1. data about subjects

-demographic data:

Age,sex, living status, income, health history- history of cardiac illness- heart attack, heart failure, arrythmias, medications,

-about the consumption of coffee.

- how long ,you have been drinking coffee?

- How many glass per day/ ml per day?

- At what circumstances , dring coffee- as a regular habit/ when experience stress

About cardio vascular diseases:

investigations- ECG to know the rythm pattern, BP, Pulse,cardiac enzymes, S.Calcium. Serum level of caffein

- past history - provides prevalent rate .