Question

Classify and differentiate at least four types of stroke

Answer 1

STROKE

Interruption of blood supply to a part of brain causes ischemic damage to the part.This is called stroke.

The middle cerebral artery is most affected during a stroke.

Risk factors

Overweight,Physical inactivity,high blood pressure,high cholesterol, Use of drugs such as cocaine, Diabetes,CVS diseases etc.

Classification.

ISCHAEMIC STROKE

Most common type of stroke.

Ischemic stroke is defined as the stroke caused by lack of blood reaching a part of brain.

It can be due to the narrowing or obstruction of blood vessels resulting from the deposition of plaque.

Thus,the blood flow to the brain cells may cut off and ischemic stroke results.

The main causes of ischemic stroke are,

Cerebral thrombosis and Cerebral embolism

In cerebral thrombosis, a thrombus get lodged in artery going to brain.In cerebral embolism,a wandering embolus from any part of the body is carried through blood stream and get lodged in artery going to brain.

HAEMORRHAGIC SHOCK

Most severe type of stroke.

Haemorrhagic shock usually occurs due to rupture of a branch of cerebral artery at the site of aneurysm or arteriovenous malformations.

After the rupture of blood vessel,blood accumulates and compresses the adjacent brain tissues.

Hemorragic stroke may be intracerebral or subarachnoid.

​​​​​​In intracerebral stroke, blood accumulates within the brain and form haematoma.

It may be due to vessel abnormalities or systemic factors.

In subarachnoid stroke,blood accumulates in the subarachnoid space.

Hemorrhage may be traumatic or spontaneous.

#)Rupture of charcot's artery( artery of cerebral hemorrhage) ie, lenticulostriae branch of middle cerebral artery is the common cause of stroke that produces contralateral hemiplagia.

TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK (TIA)

Transient ischemic attack is a kind of stroke caused to the presence of temporary clots in brain.

may be due to microemboli in blood vessel.

Results in temporary loss of neurological function.

Symptoms exists for less than 24 hrs.

It is not a permanent damage.

TIA is also known as mini stroke because it is the sign of a progressive cerebrovascular disease.

CRYPTOGENIC STROKE

It is defined as the stroke of an unknown cause or origin.

If left untreated,there is chance of recurrent strokes.

Major symptoms of shock

Weakness

dizziness

blurred vision

loss of balance

paralysis etc