Question

.1-Compare the healing process for a muscle contusion versus a muscle transection

2-. Identify factors that affect tissue healing

Answer 1

1. Muscle contusion or muscle bruise occur when tissue is traumatized allowing blood to flow into the surroundings tissues in the body. Muscle contusions can involve blood cells at the level of skin,tissue,muscle or bone. Contusion do not generally result in structural damage to the muscle tissue, it generally causes dull pain,swelling, sore to touch etc. it affects the strength and flexibility of muscles and range of motion of the affected are is often restricted. This is generally noticeable after cessation of physical activity once the body has cooled down.Contusions mostly common among sporting community and the most common location this to occur is in quadriceps, the muscle on front/side of thigh. Muscles have good blood perfusion so it get good nutrients which facilitate timely healing of injured tissue, it generally takes 2-3 weeks depending on graded severity of injury.

                                        Mild- 13 days

                                        Moderate-19 days

                                          severe- 21 days

                                       muscle tansection is a severe damage to muscles and bones and result in structural damage to muscle tissues. it generally required surgical procedures to repair muscle injury. The healing of muscle injury from bone healing is that in muscle there is a repair process, while in bone tissue there is a regeneration process. Three phases have been identified this include destruction, repair, and remodeling.

Phase 1: consist of destruction and is characterized by tearing and subsequent necrosis of myofibrils, formation of hematoma in the space created in the torn muscle and proliferation of inflammatory cells.

Phase 2 : Phagocytosis of the necrotic tissue, regeneration of myofibrils and concomitant production of connective scar tissue along with neoformtion of vessels and neural growth

Phase 3:maturation of regenetred myofibrils, contraction and reorganization of scar tissue and recovery of muscle functional capacity.

2. Healing is the body response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and function.

                                     Healing involves Repair and Regeneration

Factors affecting healing includes Local factors and Systemic factors.

Local factors

• infection
• poor blood supply
• foreign bodies
• movement of tissue
• exposure of ionizing radiations
• Type,size and location of injury

Systemic factors

• Age
• Nutrition
• Systemic infection
• Administrations of glucocorticoids
• Uncontrolled diabetics
• Hematologic Abnormalities