Question

1. C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose) + 6O₂ --> 6 CO₂ + 6H₂O

Where is the majority of the CO₂ in this reaction produced? (consider both the location in the cell and the stage of metabolism)

2. A. Explain which stages of metabolism include NADH and FADH2 production.

NADH:

FADH2:

B. What occurs if NADH and FADH2 are not oxidized in the electron transport chain?

Answer 1

1) An aerobic reaction is a catabolic process, exergonic i.e. ATP-producing, where, an inorganic molecule is the terminal electron acceptor, like oxygen; Aerobic reaction is expressed as: organic compounds +oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy. Biomolecules such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins can be metabolized as fuel, but cellular respiration is most frequently explained as the oxidation of glucose:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 +6H20 +energy
Glucose is completely oxidised into CO2. Most of the ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation during this, energy reserved in chemical bonds is used for ATP synthesis. Oxygen is used during cellular respiration result as H2O. Oxidative respiration consist of four major pathways: glycolysis(cytoplasm), pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle (mitochondrial matrix), electron transport chain ( mitochondrial inner membrane).

2A) The NADH produced from the NAD+ reduction i.e. gain of electrons. NAD+ is produced in another metabolic pathways. The FADH2 synthesised by addition of hydrogen to FADH.

NAD⁺ + 2e^- + 2H⁺ NADH + H⁺

FAD + 2e^- + 2H⁺ FADH₂

Glycolysis. In glycolysis, glucose converted into 2 molecule of pyruvate at the end. During these reactions, ATP is produced, and NAD+ is changed to NADH.

Pyruvate oxidation. Each pyruvate goes into the mitochondrial matrix. There, it’s changed into acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide and NADH is produced.

Citric acid cycle. The acetyl CoA incorporate with a four-carbon molecule and a cycle of reactions goes on,

lastly four-carbon i.e. starting molecule regenerate. ATP, NADH, CO2 and FADH2 are generated .