Question

graphic organizer of 13 patients bill of right with description and example

Answer 1

Patients bill of rights

The bill of rights offers guidance and protection to patients by stating the responsibilities that a hospital and its staff have toward them and their families during hospitalization, but it is not legally binding document.

1. Right to Appropriate Medical Care and Humane Treatment.

• The patient has the right to appropriate health and medical care of good quality.. If any person cannot immediately be given treatment that is medically necessary he shall, depending on his state of health, either be directed to wait for care, or be reffered or sent for treatment elsewhere, where the appropriate care can be provided. If the patient has to wait for care, he shall be informed of the reason for the delay. Patients in emergency shall be extended immediate medical care and treatment without any deposit, pledge, mortgage or any form of advance paymentfor treatment.
• For example if a patient got admitted to a hospital with chest pain and diagnosed as MI, if the hospital dont havr adequate cardiac unit and ventilators the patient or family needed to be informed and immediate transfer to another hosital with better facilities should be done with out wasting time.

2. Right to Informed Consent.

The patient has a right to a clear, and substantial explanation, in a manner and language understandable to the patient, of all proposed procedures, whether diagnostic, preventive, curative, rehabilitative or therapeutic, wherein the person who will perform the said procedure shall provide his name and credentials to the patient, possibilities of any risk of mortality or serious side effects, problems related to recuperation, and probability of success and reasonable risks involved: The patient will not be subjected to any procedure without his written informed consent, except in the following cases:

a) in emergency cases, when the patient is at imminent risk of physical injury, decline Of death if treatment is withheld or postponed. In such cases, the physician can perform any diagnostic or treatment procedure as good practice of medicine dictates without such consent;
b) when the health of the population is dependent on the adoption of a mass health program to control epidemic;
c) when the law makes it compulsory for everyone to submit a procedure;
d) When the patient is either a minor, or legally incompetent, in which case. a third party consent Is required;
e) when disclosure of material information to patient will jeopardize the success of treatment, in which case, third party disclosure and consent shall be in order;
f)   When the patient waives his right in writing.

• Informed consent shall be obtained from a patient concerned if he is of legal age and of sound mind. In case the patient is incapable of giving consent consent can be taken from spouse; son or daughter of legal age; either parent, brother or sister of legal age, or guardian.
• If a patient is a minor, consent shall be obtained from his parents or legal guardian

For example, if an adult male patient undergoing appendicectomy after diagnosed with severe appendicitis, needed to be informed about about open incision or laparoti c surgery, what is kind of procedure, can it be done later..what will happen if surgery is undone, what are the complications of surgery etc. and neded to be taken the consent.

3. Right to Privacy and Confidentiality. - The privacy of the patients must be assured at all stages of his treatment. The patient has the right to be free from unwarranted public exposure, except when his mental or physical conditionis compromised then submit to a physical or mental examination by a physician; when the public health and safety so demand; and when the patient waives this right in writing.

The patient has the right to demand that all information, communication and records pertaining to his care be treated as confidential.

For example, if considering the current scenario, The affected number of covid 19 patients are increasing, taking and mentioning the number of patients with covid 19 considered to be fine, but publishing their personal details and information is againest to bill of rights.

4. Right to Information.

• In the course of treatment and hospital care, the patient or his/her legal guardian has a right to be informed of the result of the evaluation of the nature and extent of his/her disease, any other additional or further contemplated   medical treatment on surgical procedure or procedures, including any other additional medicines to be administered other pertinent facts, statistics or studies, regarding his/her illness.
• Any change in the plan of care before the change is made, the person's participation in the plan of care and necessary changes before its implementation, the extent to which payment maybe expected from Philhealth or any payor and any charges for which the patient maybe liable, the disciplines of health care practitioners who will fumish the care and the frequency of services that are proposed to be furnished.
• The patient or his legal guardian has the right to examine and be given an itemized bill of the hospital and medical services rendered in the facility or by his/her physician and other health care providers, regardless of the manner and source of payment.He is entitled to a thorough explanation of such bill.

For example, end of his/her confinement, the patient is entitled to a brief, written summary of the course of his/her illness which shall include at least the history, physical examination, diagnosis, medications, surgical procedure, and laboratory procedures, and the plan of further treatment, and which shall be provided by the attending physician. If the patient needed of a medical certicate it should be given freely according to her condition.

5. The Right to Choose Health Care Provider and Facility.

The patient is free to choose the health care provider to serve him as well as the facility except when he is under the care of a service facility or when public health and safety so demands or when the patient expressly waives this right in writing.

The patient has the right to discuss his condition with a consultant specialist, at the patient's request and expense. He also has the right to seek for a second opinion and subsequent opinions, if appropriate, from another health care provider/practitioner.

For example, if the patient with hypothroisim is demanding for the specialized care from an endocrinologist , then his care should not be confined only to general practioner. Provide facilities for directly consulting prefered doctor instead of making it a double consultation.

6. Right to Self-Determination.

• The patient has the right to avail himself/herself of any recommended diagnostic and treatment procedures.Any person of legal age and of sound mind may make an advance written directive for physicians to administer terminal care when he/she suffers from the terminal phase of a terminal illness: Provided That a) he is informed of the medical consequences of his choice; b) he releases those involved in his care from any obligation relative to the consequences of his decision; c) his decision will not prejudice public health and safety.
• For example, if a patient with diabetic foot ulcer in a severe form dont want to go amputation as per recommentaion explain him the consequences and leave for his choice.

7. Right to Religious Belief.

The patient has the right to refuse medical treatment or procedures which may be contrary to his religious beliefs, subject to the limitations described in the preceding subsection

Right shall not be imposed by parents upon their children who have not reached the legal age in a life threatening situation as determined by the attending physician or the medical director of the facility.

FOr example cicumsion is a Muslim cultural practice , so it is considered to be not to be imposed on children by parents if they are not age appropriate.

8. Right to Medical Records.

The health care institution shall safeguard the confidentiality of the medical records and to likewise ensure the integrity and authenticity of the medical records and shall keep the same within a reasonable time as may be determined by the Department of Health.The health care institution shall issue a medical certificate to the patient upon request.Any other document that the patient may require for insurance claims shall also be made available to him within forty-fIVe (45) days from request.

For example, if a patient got discharged from a hospital after a medical procedure and want to consult another doctor in different hospital, if he claimes he nneded to get the medical reports of his stay at the previous hiospital.

9. Right to Leave.

The patient has the right to leave hospital or any other health care institution regardless of his physical   condition: Provided. That a) he/she is informed of the medical consequences of his/her decisionl b) helshe releases those involved in his/her care from any obligation relative to the consequences of his decision; c) hislher decision will not prejudice public health and safety.

For example, If the patient whio is admitted the hospital needed to leave undr his riak, then we should not have the right to held him foecefully in the hospital.

10. Right to Refuse Participation In Medical Research.

The patient has the right to be advised if the health care provider plans to involve him in medical research, including but not limited to human experimentation which may be performed only with the written informed consent of the patient:

The patient involved in the human experimentation shall be made aware of the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki and its respective guidelines.

11. RIght to Correspondence and to Receive Visitors. - The patient has the right to communicate with relatives and other persons and to receive visitors subject to reasonable limits prescribed by the rules and regulations of the health care institution.

12. Right to Express Grievances. - The patient has the right to express complaints and grievances about the care and services received without fear of discrimination or reprisal and to know about the disposition of such complaints.Such a system shall afford all parties concerned with the opportunity to settle amicably all grievances.

For example , patient should have an facility for open discussion about his concerns of treatment to th ephysician or health care workers.. he should not treated badly.

13. RIght to be Informed of His Rights and Obligations as a Patient.

• Every person has the right to be informed of his rights and obligations as a patient.
• It shall be the duty of health care institutions to inform of their rights as well as of the institution's rules and regulations that apply to the conduct of the patient while in the care of such institution.