Question

Explain how plant stems grow in length and girth (width). Use the correct terminology and explain where and how these two types of growth occur.

Answer 1

• Apical meristems are found at the apex, or tip, of roots and buds, allowing roots and stems to grow in length and leaves and flowers to differentiate. Roots and stems grow in length because the meristem adds tissue behind  it, constantly propelling itself further into the ground (for roots) or air (for stems).
• In many plants, most primary growth occurs primarily at the apical (top) bud, rather than axillary buds (buds at locations of side branching). The influence of the apical bud on overall plant growth is known as apical dominance, which prevents the growth of axillary buds that form along the sides of branches and stems.
• 2 steps in plant growth are Primary growth is the upward growth of the stem and the downward growth of the roots. It is the type of growth that makes a plant longer. Some plants experience an additional type of growth called secondary growth, which occurs in plants known as dicots, such as trees, shrubs, and vines.
• Apical  meristem is found in growing tips of stem and roots. Function-This tissue helps in increase in length of the plant.