Question

QUESTION 1

1. There are several mechanisms in common between photosynthesis and respiration. One of these similarities is:

		a. Chlorophyll is used to move electrons
		b. Acetyl-CoA is an intermediate
		c. A proton gradient is used to drive ATP synthesis
		d. Copper sulfate is an electron carrier

2 points   

QUESTION 2

1. When cancer cells are grown in the lab and used for research (like the HeLa cells) we call them:

		a. Immortal cell lines
		b. Zombie cells
		c. Mutants
		d. Bacterial cell cultures

2 points   

QUESTION 3

1. A solution of laundry detergent has a pH of 12. This solution is

		a. Acidic
		b. Basic
		c. Neutral
		d. None of these

2 points   

QUESTION 4

1. Two atoms share electrons to fill the valence electron shells of each. This is called a/an:

		a. Covalent bond
		b. Ionic bond
		c. Hydrogen bond
		d. Organic bond

2 points   

QUESTION 5

1. During the “light reactions” of photosynthesis, chlorophyll molecules use the energy from light to strip away electrons from water and bounce them up to a higher energy level. What is produced as a by-product of the light reactions?

		a. Oxygen (O2)
		b. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
		c. Nitrogen (N2)
		d. Sugars (C6H12O6)

2 points   

QUESTION 6

1. In the coding region of a gene, how many DNA bases code for one amino acid?

		a. One
		b. Two
		c. Three
		d. Four

2 points   

QUESTION 7

1. Which best describes the function of ALL enzymes:

		a. Enzymes make biochemical reactions go faster
		b. Enzymes stabilize biochemicals
		c. Enzymes help us digest food
		d. Temporarily store energy in its phosphate bonds

2 points   

QUESTION 8

1. During Meiosis, “crossing-over” occurs. “Crossing-over” is when:

		a. Chromosomes line up randomly during metaphase
		b. One oocyte gets all the cytoplasm
		c. Homologous chromosomes exchange parts of their DNA
		d. Jumping genes move

2 points   

QUESTION 9

1. What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

		a. No molecules pass easily
		b. small and hydrophobic
		c. hydrophilic
		d. ions and sugars

2 points   

QUESTION 10

1. What happens during Telophase of mitosis?

		a. The sister chromatids split apart
		b. The cytoplasm and cell membranes separate
		c. The chromosomes condense and shorten
		d. Two nuclear membranes reform around the chromosomes

2 points   

QUESTION 11

1. The definition of DNA mutation is:

		a. A change to a gene
		b. A change to the protein product of a gene
		c. A break in the chromosome
		d. Any change to the sequence of DNA nucleotides

2 points   

QUESTION 12

1. An enzyme is inhibited when cAMP binds to the enzyme. cAMP does not bind to the active site, it binds elsewhere and changes the shape of the active site, making the enzyme unable to function. We call this type of inhibition:

		a. Non-competitive
		b. Competitive
		c. Alternate
		d. Hibernation

2 points   

QUESTION 13

1. The theory of the endosymbiont origin of mitochondria says that:

		a. Mitochondria were once free-living bacteria
		b. Mitochondria evolved from simpler structures
		c. Mitochondria are actually viruses
		d. Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria

2 points   

QUESTION 14

1. Carbon has the atomic number of 6. A particular atom of carbon has 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons. This atom loses an electron. Now it is:

		a. Boron, which is atomic number 5
		b. An isotope
		c. An ion
		d. Carbolic acid

2 points   

QUESTION 15

1. During the second division of meiosis (meiosis II):

		a. Homologous chromosomes separate
		b. Sister chromatids separate
		c. There is DNA synthesis
		d. Synapsis occurs

2 points   

QUESTION 16

1. Viruses have no:

		a. Metabolism
		b. Heredity
		c. Ability to evolve
		d. Genes

2 points   

QUESTION 17

1. If a genetic disease is caused by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene, then what sort of inheritance pattern will we see?

		a. It will be recessive
		b. Unaffected parents can have an affected child
		c. It will be a sex-linked trait, seen mostly in boys
		d. It will be passed from an affected mother to 100% of her children

2 points   

QUESTION 18

1. The atmosphere of the Earth before life arose was different than today. One difference was that the early atmosphere:

		a. Contained no oxygen gas
		b. Contained no carbon dioxide
		c. Was very dense, like the planet Jupiter
		d. Was very thin, like Mars

2 points   

QUESTION 19

1. Which is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton?

		a. Microtubules
		b. Actin Filaments
		c. Intermediate Filaments
		d. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 1

1. c. A proton gradient is used to drive ATP synthesis.

Electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP in both the processes.

2. a. Immortal cell lines

Immortal cell lines are cultures of cells which normally do not proliferate indefinitely but, due to mutation, have escaped normal cellular senescence.

3. b. Basic

A pH of 7 is considered neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic and A pH greater than 7 is basic.

4. a. Covalent bond

Atoms covalently bond with other atoms to gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell.

5. a. Oxygen (O2)

An electron is stripped from a water molecule releasing the oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Two such oxygen atoms combine to form oxygen gas which is then released.

6. c. Three

Three bases that code for a specific amino acid are called triplet or codon.

7. a. Enzymes make biochemical reactions go faster.

Enzymes are biological catalysts.

8. c. Homologous chromosomes exchange parts of their DNA.

Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis.

9. b. small and hydrophobic.

The cell membranes are amphipathic phospholipid bilayers. This structure allows the small and hydrophobic molecules to diffuse through them easily.

10. d. Two nuclear membranes reform around the chromosomes.

Telophase is the last phase of mitosis, in which many of the processes in prophase are reversed.

11. Any change to the sequence of DNA nucleotides.

Mutations are permanent changes in the sequence of a DNA.

12. a. Non-competitive

Non-competitive inhibitors bind to allosteric sites of an enzyme.

13. a. Mitochondria were once free-living bacteria

The theory of the endosymbiont origin of mitochondria says that mitochondria were descended from some prokaryotes, which survived endocytosis by another species and became a part of that cell's cytoplasm.

14. c. An ion

If an atom gins an electron, it will become a negative ion and if an atom loses an electron it becomes a positive ion.

15. b. Sister chromatids separate

Sister chromatids separate during meiosis in Anaphase II.

16. Metabolism

Viruses use host metabolic pathways for their replication.

17. It will be passed from an affected mother to 100% of her children

Mitochondrial inheritance is known as maternal inheritance.

18. a. Contained no oxygen gas

The atmosphere of the Earth before life arose was largely made up of CO2 and nitrogen gases. CO2 was replaced by Oxygen after photosynthetic organisms evolved.

19. d. Endoplasmic Reticulum

ER is an organelle which is important in protein synthesis.